Abstract:Plasticizers are used to make PVC flexible so it can be used as a geomembrane for containment purposes. Plasticizers can migrate from PVC geomembranes over time because of contact with air, liquid, and an absorbent solid material. Plasticizer migration can reduce the flexibility of PVC geomembranes. This paper discusses the three mechanisms of plasticizer migration and the factors influencing these mechanisms, such as plasticizer molecular weight and linearity of plasticizers. The paper recommends that a minim… Show more
“…34 As can be observed in Figure 1, the samples with DOP, DOA, Lestarflex, and polyester polyol showed the lowest exudation values for the two temperatures tested. Similar results for DOP and DOA exudation were found by Stark et al 35 Figure 1.Exudation test for PVC formulations with different plasticizers. [PC: polycaprolactone and PP: polyester polyol].…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 80%
“…34 As can be observed in Figure 1, the samples with DOP, DOA, Lestarflex, and polyester polyol showed the lowest exudation values for the two temperatures tested. Similar results for DOP and DOA exudation were found by Stark et al 35 The low values of the specimens with DOP can be explained by their branched and polar chemical structure that favors their permanence within the PVC matrix. DOA, like DOP, has low molar mass values (M = 370 g mol À1 and M = 390 g mol À1 , respectively).…”
The most widely used plasticized polymer is poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) due to its excellent plasticizer compatibility characteristics. Traditionally, PVC plasticizers belong to the phthalate family; however, they have harmful effects on human health and the environment. In this work, we evaluated the effect of six types of plasticizers (dioctyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate, Lestarflex (a polymeric polyester plasticizer), polycaprolactone, polyester polyol, and 1,2,3-propanetriol triacetate) on the properties of PVC plastisol used in manufacturing shoes and toys. The mechanical properties (hardness, tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation at break) were evaluated before and after accelerated aging tests (in an ultraviolet oven and at 50°C). A thermal study was also carried out using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, while possible structural changes during deformation were investigated using the small-angle X-ray scattering technique. In general, the results have shown that in the plasticization and stabilization of PVC, the plasticizer dioctyl phthalate can be replaced by dioctyl adipate or Lestarflex without relevant changes in the final properties of the material, even after accelerated aging.
“…34 As can be observed in Figure 1, the samples with DOP, DOA, Lestarflex, and polyester polyol showed the lowest exudation values for the two temperatures tested. Similar results for DOP and DOA exudation were found by Stark et al 35 Figure 1.Exudation test for PVC formulations with different plasticizers. [PC: polycaprolactone and PP: polyester polyol].…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 80%
“…34 As can be observed in Figure 1, the samples with DOP, DOA, Lestarflex, and polyester polyol showed the lowest exudation values for the two temperatures tested. Similar results for DOP and DOA exudation were found by Stark et al 35 The low values of the specimens with DOP can be explained by their branched and polar chemical structure that favors their permanence within the PVC matrix. DOA, like DOP, has low molar mass values (M = 370 g mol À1 and M = 390 g mol À1 , respectively).…”
The most widely used plasticized polymer is poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) due to its excellent plasticizer compatibility characteristics. Traditionally, PVC plasticizers belong to the phthalate family; however, they have harmful effects on human health and the environment. In this work, we evaluated the effect of six types of plasticizers (dioctyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate, Lestarflex (a polymeric polyester plasticizer), polycaprolactone, polyester polyol, and 1,2,3-propanetriol triacetate) on the properties of PVC plastisol used in manufacturing shoes and toys. The mechanical properties (hardness, tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation at break) were evaluated before and after accelerated aging tests (in an ultraviolet oven and at 50°C). A thermal study was also carried out using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, while possible structural changes during deformation were investigated using the small-angle X-ray scattering technique. In general, the results have shown that in the plasticization and stabilization of PVC, the plasticizer dioctyl phthalate can be replaced by dioctyl adipate or Lestarflex without relevant changes in the final properties of the material, even after accelerated aging.
“…In many cases, the PVC compositions are plasticized to make them suitably soft and flexible for end‐use applications, such as the insulation or jacket of cable constructions [1]. The plasticizers used to impart flexibility to the compositions are largely phthalates [2], but higher molecular weight plasticizers [3] (primarily trimellitates) are used for applications where plasticizer loss and migration need to be minimized, particularly to retain good properties after aging at test temperatures as high as 136°C.…”
“…The increased retention is caused by the greater difficulty for larger plasticiser molecules to diffuse from inside to the surface. 5 Not only does plasticiser molecular weight control plasticiser retention, but so does linearity and polarity. All tested alkyl pyrrolidone plasticiser have same linearity and polarity.…”
It has been found that N-alkyl (C 8 to C 18 ) pyrrolidones are highly efficient, strong solvating performance plasticisers which decrease gelling temperatures substantially. Higher alkyl pyrrolidones also exhibit very low volatility. Solubility temperatures (DIN 53408) are between 52uC (N-octyl pyrrolidone) and 80uC (N-octadecyl pyrrolidone). Plasticising efficiency tests using comparative of Shore A values showed that N-alkyl pyrrolidones are up to 40% more efficient than the standard plasticiser diisononylphthalate. Cold flexibility as assessed by the folding test DIN EN495-5 and impact test DIN 53372 found sample failure to begin in the temperature range from 255 to 265uC. Further trials in filled systems showed that N-alkyl pyrrolidones are highly compatible with calcium carbonate and allow very high filler loads. Manufacturing tests with a highly filled system using an extruder resulted in increased output while significantly reducing plasticiser levels and processing temperatures, and thus reducing energy requirements.
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