Plasticizer loss in a complex system (polyamide 12): Kinetics, prediction and its effects on mechanical properties

Wei, Xin-Feng; Kallio, Kai J.; Bruder, Stefan; Bellander, Martin; Hedenqvist, Mikael S.

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.108985

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Aside from concentration-distance profiles, the change in additive concentration as a function of time, or the square root of time can be plotted from analysis of the sample or environment. For example, evaporation-controlled loss results in a sigmoidal-shaped profile of mass loss as a function of the square root of time [37]. While beyond the scope of this review, the concentration-time profile shapes derive from ratios between key evaporation and diffusion parameters [38][39][40].…”

Section: Plasticiser Loss Mechanism and Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benzenesulfonamide plasticisers have been found in plastics dating from the 1950s, and are classified as VOCs with a boiling point at the higher end of the range [16]. A recent study reported the diffusion-controlled migration of n-butyl benzenesulfonamide from a polyamide pipe [37]. Organophosphate flame retardants were also found to migrate under diffusion-controlled rates from rigid foam materials, despite their classification as SVOCs [39].…”

Section: Plasticiser Loss Mechanism and Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accelerated ageing is used in the conservation community to understand long term ageing behaviour under controlled environmental conditions (typically temperature, and relative humidity) [55][56][57]. However, some caveats apply; the polymer, degradation mechanism and rate-limiting step should remain unchanged at both temperatures; a change in the slope of an Arrhenius plot (log(measured variable) vs 1/T), occurs when the rate-limiting step changes [37,58,59]. If so, diffusion-controlled migration behaviour initiated by a high ageing temperature will not be representative of an evaporation-controlled system at room temperature.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasticiser loss in heritage collections: its prevalence, cause, effect, and methods for analysis

King¹,

Grau-Bové²,

Curran³

2020

Herit Sci

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Plasticiser loss is a topic frequently mentioned in discussions on the degradation of plastic artefacts in museum collections, particularly for plasticised poly (vinyl chloride) and cellulose acetate. Plasticisers may migrate to the plastic’s surface and remain as a deposit, or volatilise into the surrounding environment, both presenting an aesthetic issue and impacting the future stability of the plastic. This paper draws on the work of conservation science, materials degradation, and indoor air quality/emissions studies, to review our current understanding of plasticiser loss. The influence of the material’s intrinsic properties, and environmental factors on migration rates are discussed and related to preventive conservation practices. The methods by which plasticiser migration is studied, including characterisation, are also reviewed, with a particular focus on minimally invasive and non-destructive methods suitable for heritage science research.

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Section: Plasticiser Loss Mechanism and Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plasticiser Loss Mechanism and Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Affecting Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Plasticiser loss in heritage collections: its prevalence, cause, effect, and methods for analysis

King¹,

Grau-Bové²,

Curran³

2020

Herit Sci

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“…This may be due to the reduction in boiling point of βbl due to the influence of the pressure (400 mmHg) during the vacuum drying process. Thus the loss of plasticizer increases the glass transition temperature, thus reducing the segmental motion of polymer chains which in turn decreases the ionic conductivity of the polymer membrane [42]. This is evident from the conductivity table [Table 1].…”

Section: Ac Impedance Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on plasticized Poly (vinylidene chloride- co- acrylonitrile) polymer electrolytes for battery applications

VIJAYA

Rani

Babu

2023

Mater. Res. Express

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Plasticized Poly (vinylidene chloride- co- acrylonitrile) [P(VdC-co-AN)] polymer electrolytes comprising of Lithium Perchloride (LiClO4) as complexing salt and plasticizers such as Propylene carbonate (PC) and β‐butyrolactone (βbl) is prepared by solution casting technique. Polymer electrolytes were prepared in the ratio [(x)PVdC-co-PAN+(100-x-z) Plasticizer+(z) LiClO4] and were subjected to various characterizations. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were carried out to study the structural and functional groups present in the material. Impedance spectroscopy to find the ionic conductivity of the material. The maximum ionic conductivity at room temperature was exhibited by the samples containing 68% PC (9.237 x 10-4 S cm-1) and 66% of βbl (2.284 X 10-4 Scm-1). Samples exhibiting higher ionic conductivity (68% PC and 66% of βbl) are subjected to Linear sweep voltammetry and transference number measurements. The electrochemical stability is 4.5 v for the both films, whereas transference number is 0.955 and 0.94, respectively. Thermogravimetry / Differential Thermal analysis (TG/DTA) shows the prepared films doesn’t not undergo any weight loss till 220°C (thermally stable). The surface morphology of the polymer membrane was explored through Atomic force microscopy (AFM).

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“…The properties of non-phthalate plasticizers based on benzene, toluene, naphthalene, cyclohexane, and norbornene have been investigated 22 . The utilization of plasticizers made from renewable vegetable raw materials such citrates, succinates, triglycerides, fatty acid esters 23 . The objectives of this work is to produce glycerol as a byproduct of the biodiesel manufacturing process, and then to make plasticizers (non-phthalate plasticizers) from glycerol, citric acid, benzoic acid, sun ower oil, miscibility with polymer polyvinyl chloride at the best mixing ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-phthalate Plasticizer/ Poly (vinyl chloride) Compound for Sustainablty based on biomaterials Using Glycerol From Biodiesel Process

Soliman

Anwar

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The phthalate replacement trend the globe began when the European Union put a ban on dioctyl phthalate(DOP) and other. This trend will continue as environmental and sustainability concerns increase. These polymers, made from renewable sourced (plant based) raw material, as bio-based development plasticizers to gain some functionality. At the same time, the biodiesel sector produces an excess glycerol, prompting scientists to look for new uses for this material. The main goal is to create a non-phthalate plasticizer for poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) utilizing crude glycol from the biodiesel process, corn starch (S), sunflower oil, citric acid(C) and Benzoic acid(B). Glycerol diacetomonolaurate plasticizer will be developed utilizing glycerol from the biodiesel process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) will be used to examine the plasticizer production, A universal testing equipment will be used to determine the mechanical properties of the plasticizer-PVC compound, Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and the experimental values will be compared with phthalate plasticizer-PVC compound. The plasticizing performances of the sampleof non- phthalate contain (SCB (3)) rivaled that of (DOP) phthalate, from this study suggesting that they have the potential to replace phthalate in soft PVC materials.

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Plasticizer loss in a complex system (polyamide 12): Kinetics, prediction and its effects on mechanical properties

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Plasticiser loss in heritage collections: its prevalence, cause, effect, and methods for analysis

Plasticiser loss in heritage collections: its prevalence, cause, effect, and methods for analysis

Study on plasticized Poly (vinylidene chloride- co- acrylonitrile) polymer electrolytes for battery applications

Non-phthalate Plasticizer/ Poly (vinyl chloride) Compound for Sustainablty based on biomaterials Using Glycerol From Biodiesel Process

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