Plasticizer and catalyst co-functionalized PEDOT:PSS enables stretchable electrochemical sensing of living cells

Yan, Jing; Qin, Yu; Fan, Wen‐Ting; Wu, Wentao; Lv, Songwei; Yan, Liping; Liu, Yanling; Huang, Wei‐Hua

doi:10.1039/d1sc04138j

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…S2a), while the coating on the gate electrode remained the same (~ 3 µm) using undiluted PEDOT:PSS/2% LiTFSI. After addition of 2 wt% LiTFSI, the as-prepared PEDOT:PSS/LiTFSI films demonstrated conductivities of up to ~ 2000 S cm −1 for thin films of < 200-nm thick and > 300 S cm −1 for thicker films on the scale of a few microns, which was consistent with previous reports [ 41 , 43 ]. Then, a piece of GEL-GLY/Na 3 Cit was placed on top of the conducting polymer films such that it bridged the channel and gate regions.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Besides, LiTFSI can induce interchain crosslinking of PSS as well. Therefore, LiTFSI doping leads to boosted conductivity of up to > 2000 S cm −1 with simultaneously improved stretchability ranging from 20 to > 100% strain depending on the film thickness and dopant ratio [ 19 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Furthermore, the transconductance ( G m ) of OECT in the saturation regime can be defined as follows: where W , L , and d are the channel width, length and thickness, respectively, μ is the carrier mobility, C * is the volume capacitance, and V T is the threshold voltage [ 45 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performances Of Gel-gly/na 3 Cit and Pedot:pss/litfsimentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Transconductance, Highly Elastic, Durable and Recyclable All-Polymer Electrochemical Transistors with 3D Micro-Engineered Interfaces

Wang

et al. 2022

Nano-Micro Lett.

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Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have emerged as versatile platforms for broad applications spanning from flexible and wearable integrated circuits to biomedical monitoring to neuromorphic computing. A variety of materials and tailored micro/nanostructures have recently been developed to realized stretchable OECTs, however, a solid-state OECT with high elasticity has not been demonstrated to date. Herein, we present a general platform developed for the facile generation of highly elastic all-polymer OECTs with high transconductance (up to 12.7 mS), long-term mechanical and environmental durability, and sustainability. Rapid prototyping of these devices was achieved simply by transfer printing lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS/LiTFSI) microstructures onto a resilient gelatin-based gel electrolyte, in which both depletion-mode and enhancement-mode OECTs were produced using various active channels. Remarkably, the elaborate 3D architectures of the PEDOT:PSS were engineered, and an imprinted 3D-microstructured channel/electrolyte interface combined with wrinkled electrodes provided performance that was retained (> 70%) through biaxial stretching of 100% strain and after 1000 repeated cycles of 80% strain. Furthermore, the anti-drying and degradable gelatin and the self-crosslinked PEDOT:PSS/LiTFSI jointly enabled stability during > 4 months of storage and on-demand disposal and recycling. This work thus represents a straightforward approach towards high-performance stretchable organic electronics for wearable/implantable/neuromorphic/sustainable applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performances Of Gel-gly/na 3 Cit and Pedot:pss/litfsimentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Transconductance, Highly Elastic, Durable and Recyclable All-Polymer Electrochemical Transistors with 3D Micro-Engineered Interfaces

Wang

et al. 2022

Nano-Micro Lett.

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“…Although several methods for the measurement of mechanically evoked ROS and NO have been reported, such as chemiluminescence, fluorescence imaging, and electron paramagnetic resonance, these techniques have great difficulty in acquiring the dynamic ROS and NO information. , By contrast, electrochemical sensing with fast response and high sensitivity has been widely accepted for real-time monitoring and quantifying transient biochemical molecules released from cells or tissues. − In particular, recently developed stretchable electrochemical sensors equipped with excellent mechanical compliance offer a forceful tool for real-time monitoring of mechanotransduction. − Especially, stretchable sensors based on gold nanotubes (Au NTs) and its hybrid composites with functional nanomaterials show prominent electrocatalytic capabilities toward mechanically induced biomolecules released from cells and tissues, including ROS, NO, and serotonin. − Despite these advances, due to the difference in electrochemical performance of different sensors, as well as the batches of living cells at different detection time, the separate detection of mechanically evoked ROS and NO release by different sensors face serious difficulty in elucidating the correlation between ROS and NO to accurately evaluate the endothelial redox state (the content and ratio of ROS and NO).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Homeostasis Alteration in Endothelial Mechanotransduction Monitored by Dual Stretchable Electrochemical Sensors

Fan

Zhao

et al. 2022

Anal. Chem.

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In vivo, endothelial cells are permanently subjected to dynamic cyclic stretch and adapt to it through the release of vasoactive substances. Among them, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are indispensable redox molecules, the contents of which and their ratio are closely implicated with endothelial redox homeostasis. However, simultaneous and quantitative monitoring of ROS and NO release in endothelial mechanotransduction remains a great challenge. Herein, a stretchable electrochemical device is developed with a dual electrode based on gold nanotubes decorated with uniform and tiny platinum nanoparticles. This hybrid nanostructure endows the sensor with high sensitivity toward both hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) (as the most stable ROS) and NO electrooxidation. Importantly, the two species can be well discriminated by applying different potentials, which allows simultaneous monitoring of H 2 O 2 and NO release in stretch-induced endothelial mechanotransduction by the same device. The results of quantitative analysis suggest that endothelial redox homeostasis and its alteration are strongly related to vascular biomechanical and biochemical milieus. Further investigation reveals that the interplay of ROS and NO signaling has an important role in the regulation of endothelial redox state. This work will greatly facilitate the deep understanding of the molecular mechanism of endothelial dysfunction and vascular disorder.

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“…To date, different methods have been developed to determinate H 2 O 2 , such as chemiluminescence, electrochemical methods, − fluorescent spectrometry (e.g., confocal imaging), , and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL). − Among them, although fluorescent spectrometry is advantageous for temporal and spatial resolution and is widely used for the detecting or imaging of biomolecules, it relies on an exciting light source, which further increases the cost of instrumentation. Moreover, the fluorescent technology also relies on fluorescence labeling or special probes, which might suffer from high background signals or photobleaching .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Imaging of Endogenous Hydrogen Peroxide Efflux from Living Cells via Bipolar Gold Nanoelectrode Array and Electrochemiluminescence Technology

Qin

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Sens.

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The integration of a closed bipolar electrode (c-BPE) array and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection received a boost in applications in the detection of cell adhesion and disease-related biomarkers. This work proposed a gold nanorod array based c-BPE–ECL system to realize an in situ image of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) efflux from living cells and parallel analysis of endogenous H2O2 released from multiple cells by converting electrochemical signals into optical signals. The gold nanorod array with high density was prepared by a repeating chronopotentiometry procedure with anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane as a template. The c-BPE array was fabricated by assembling poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) chips on both sides of the gold nanorod array. When an appropriate driving potential is applied, H2O2 generated from living cells at the sensing pole was reduced on the gold nanorod, triggering the oxidation of the ECL reagent at the reporting pole, which allowed the detection of H2O2 released from living cells. Under phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation, H2O2 released from living HeLa, HepG2, MCF-7, and LO2 cells was determined to be 47, 32.4, 25.7, and 6.3 μM, respectively. This indicated that the amount of H2O2 released from PMA-stimulated cancer cells was significantly higher than that from the stimulated normal cells. This work presented a new approach for in situ imaging of H2O2 released from living cells and could also be used to detect other electrochemically active or non-electrochemically active molecules through simple cell surface modification, which may have potential applications in cell apoptosis study and disease diagnosis.

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Plasticizer and catalyst co-functionalized PEDOT:PSS enables stretchable electrochemical sensing of living cells

Abstract: Recently, stretchable electrochemical sensors have stood out as a powerful tool for the detection of soft cell and tissue, since they could perfectly comply with the deformation of living organism...

Cited by 22 publications

References 56 publications

High-Transconductance, Highly Elastic, Durable and Recyclable All-Polymer Electrochemical Transistors with 3D Micro-Engineered Interfaces

High-Transconductance, Highly Elastic, Durable and Recyclable All-Polymer Electrochemical Transistors with 3D Micro-Engineered Interfaces

Redox Homeostasis Alteration in Endothelial Mechanotransduction Monitored by Dual Stretchable Electrochemical Sensors

In Situ Imaging of Endogenous Hydrogen Peroxide Efflux from Living Cells via Bipolar Gold Nanoelectrode Array and Electrochemiluminescence Technology

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