Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) as a permselective barrier membrane for high-selectivity amperometric sensors and biosensors

Christie, Ian; Treloar, Paul; Vadgama, P.

doi:10.1016/0003-2670(92)85134-r

Cited by 52 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, most such membranes irrespective of the species for which they are selective can neither achieve the desired selectivity ratios [13, 271, nor permit the degree of solute flux that i s needed to measure submicromolar concentrations of analyte with a simple (robust) chronoamperometric methodology. Plasticized PVC membrane [27] appears to have all the desired features and is here tested for use with a dehydrogenase indicator reaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrodes were polished with alumina and allowed to condition in electrolyte buffer overnight with the working electrode polarized at +0.65 V. The working electrode was then overlaid with a PVC/Cuprophan membrane laminate with PVC uppermost [27] and polarized at +OSV (vs. Ag/AgCl). For voltammetry, the electrode was polarized at a fixed potential (between 0.2 and 0.8V vs. Ag/AgCl) and a stable baseline obtained.…”

Section: Detection Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PVC membranes were prepared by adding of 200000Da PVC powder (0.06 g) (BDH, Poole) and isopropyl myristate (150pL) to tetrahydrofuran (10mL) and the mixture stirred until the PVC had fully dissolved. Membranes were cast in a petri dish using the method described by Christie et al [27]. Electrode measurements were made in 0.05 M phosphate buffet pH 7.4 made up using 1.48 g NaH2P04 -2H20, 7.21 g Na2HP04 -2H20, 0.2 g sodium azide per liter.…”

Section: *O1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have recently demonstrated that by covering an electrode with a hydrophobic highly plasticized PVC membrane, exceptional permselectivity is attained [27]. Moreover, responses to major interferents found in serum samples are virtually eliminated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediated amperometric detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase at a poly(vinyl chloride) covered electrode using 1,4-benzoquinone and diaphorase

et al. 1995

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Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), produced from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) was catalytically oxidized using diaphorase and 1,4-benzoquinone to yield 1,4-hydroquinone. This benzoquinone redox mediator was readily detected at an electrode polarized at +0.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCI) so avoiding the high overpotentials required for a direct electrochemical measurement of NADH. Also, the lipophilic nature of the hydroquinone enabled a novel high selectivity plasticized PVC membrane mounted over the electrode to be exploited. The mediator/PVC combination achieved NADH calibration linear up to at least 1 0 0~~. When used to assay G6PDH activity, a linear calibration from 0.1-1.0 U/mL was produced. The detection system offers the possibility of highly selective measurement of dehydrogenase enzyme activity in biological samples without sample preparation and could provide the basis for simplified homogeneous immunoassays as well as dehydrogenase amperometric enzyme electrodes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detection Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: *O1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediated amperometric detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase at a poly(vinyl chloride) covered electrode using 1,4-benzoquinone and diaphorase

et al. 1995

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“…Isopropyl myristate (IPM) is a long chain hydrophobic ester ( Figure 1) which is used as an oil phase for formulation of hydrophobic drugs typically applied in vivo [20,21]. We have previously used IPM as plasticizer in PVC to both control solid permeability of biosensors and to reduce surface fouling [22][23][24].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane Membranes Modified with Isopropyl Myristate as a Potential Candidate for Encapsulating Electronic Implants: A Study of Biocompatibility and Water Permeability

et al. 2010

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Abstract:Medical polyurethanes have shown good bio-stability and mechanical properties and have been used as coating for implantable medical devices. However, despite their excellent properties, they are relatively permeable to liquid water and water vapour which is a drawback for electronic implant encapsulation. In this study polyether polyurethanes with different soft segment molecular weights were modified by incorporating isopropyl myristate (IPM), as a hydrophobic modifying agent, and the effect of IPM on water resistant and biocompatibility of membranes were investigated. IPM changed the surface properties of the polyurethane film and reduced its surface energy. Polyurethane films were found to be stable with IPM concentrations of 1-5 wt% based upon their chemistry; however it leached out in BSA at higher concentrations. Though, low concentrations of IPM reduced both liquid water and water vapour permeability; at higher IPM content liquid OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2010, 2 103 permeability did not improved significantly. In general, the polyurethane materials showed much lower water permeability compared with currently used silicone packaging material for electronic implants. In addition, cytotoxicity assessment of IPM containing polyurethanes showed no evidence of cytotoxcity up to 5 wt% IPM.

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Development of a Redox Mediated Amperometric Detection System for Immunoassay. Application to Urinary Amphetamine Screening

et al. 2000

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The enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) with optical detection is well established as a method for screening for amphetamines in urine. Here, EMIT reagents were adapted for simplified amperometric detection using a new water‐soluble redox mediator, 1,2‐naphthoquinone sulfonic acid (NQSA), which allowed measurement at a low electrode potential, minimizing interference due to electroactive species. A working potential of+100 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) was used, which resulted in a negligible background interference response to a 1:10 diluted urine allowing ready detection of 1 mM NADH. Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity could then be measured by an initial rate method, from 0.2 to 10 U/mL. With optimal dilutions of G6PDH‐amphetamine conjugate and amphetamine antibody (1:30 and 1:50, respectively), a standard plot of initial rate of NQSA oxidation versus D‐amphetamine concentration was obtained over the range 0.74 to 14.8 μmol/L (0.1 to 2.0 μg/mL), that gave a demonstrable limit of detection of 2.5 μmol/L (0.3 μg/mL). Amphetamine‐free urine samples produced responses of lower magnitude than samples positive for amphetamine by GC‐MS.

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Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) as a permselective barrier membrane for high-selectivity amperometric sensors and biosensors

Cited by 52 publications

References 9 publications

Mediated amperometric detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase at a poly(vinyl chloride) covered electrode using 1,4-benzoquinone and diaphorase

Mediated amperometric detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase at a poly(vinyl chloride) covered electrode using 1,4-benzoquinone and diaphorase

Polyurethane Membranes Modified with Isopropyl Myristate as a Potential Candidate for Encapsulating Electronic Implants: A Study of Biocompatibility and Water Permeability

Development of a Redox Mediated Amperometric Detection System for Immunoassay. Application to Urinary Amphetamine Screening

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