Plasticity of functional traits and optimality of biomass allocation in elevational ecotypes of Arabidopsis halleri grown at different soil nutrient availabilities

Wang, Qing Wei; Daumal, Maya; Nagano, Soichiro; Yoshida, Naofumi; Morinaga, Shin Ichi; Hikosaka, Kouki

doi:10.1007/s10265-019-01088-9

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…As UV stress is known to be greater in higher altitude (Wang et al 2014), the variants in SAV6 might relate with adaptation to UV stress. Our observations in SAV6 is also consistent with the fact that the light environment of A. halleri habitat changes with altitude; the lowland subpopulation was covered by forest canopies, whereas the highland and intermediate subpopulations were exposed to direct light (hemisphere photographs are presented in Wang et al 2019). Wang et al (2016) reported that the response to enhanced UV was different between highland-and lowland ecotypes of Alabidoposis halleri, implying that the variant in SAV6 is involved in the ecotypic differentiation in the UV response.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…1a, b). Physiological differentiations have also been reported for the tolerance to UV radiation, the response of biomass allocation to soil nutrient, and the water repellency of leaves (Wang et al 2016(Wang et al , 2019Aryal et al 2018). Analyzing the whole-genome sequences, Kubota et al (2015) found unidirectional allele frequency shifts along the altitudes in many genes; however, there is a relatively small genetic differentiation between highland hairy ecotype and lowland normal ecotypes (Ikeda et al 2010;Kubota et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does selection occur at the intermediate zone of two insufficiently isolated populations? A whole-genome analysis along an altitudinal gradient

Yoshida¹,

Morinaga²,

Wakamiya³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Adaptive divergence would occur even between the insufficiently isolated populations when there is a great difference in the environments of their habitats. The individuals present in the intermediate zone of the two divergent populations are expected to have an admixed genetic structure due to gene flow. A selective pressure that acts on the genetically admixed individuals may limit the gene flow and promote the adaptive divergence. Here, we addressed a question whether the selection occurs in the genetically admixed individuals between the divergent populations and assessed its effects on the population divergence. We obtained the whole-genome sequences of a perennial montane plant, Arabidopsis halleri, which has clear phenotypic dimorphisms between altitudes, along an altitudinal gradient of 359–1,317 m with a high spatial resolution (mean altitudinal interval of 20 m). We found the zone where the highland and lowland genes were mixing. Using the FST approach, we found that 35 and 13 genes in the admixed zone had a high frequency of alleles that are accumulated in highland and lowland subpopulations, respectively, suggesting that these genes have been selected in the admixed zone. This selection might limit the gene flow and contribute to the adaptive divergence along the altitudes. In the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based analysis, 3,000 out of 27,792 Altitude-Dependent SNPs had extremely high homozygosity in the admixed zone. In 84.7% of these SNPs, the frequency of homozygotes of highland alleles was comparable to that of lowland alleles, suggesting that these alleles are neutral but the heterozygotes were selectively eliminated. The distribution of highland and lowland alleles of these SNPs was not clearly separated between altitudes, implying that such selection did not impede the gene flow. We conclude that the selection occurring at the intermediate altitude affects the genetic structure in the admixed zone and adaptive divergence along the altitudes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does selection occur at the intermediate zone of two insufficiently isolated populations? A whole-genome analysis along an altitudinal gradient

Yoshida¹,

Morinaga²,

Wakamiya³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…High-altitudinal habitats are characterized by calcareous soil, whereas habitats with non-calcareous soil exist at lower altitudes. Wang et al (2019) reported altitudinal population differentiation of A. halleri at Mt. Ibuki in response to soil nitrogen availability.…”

Section: Studies On Population Differentiation and Local Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Arabidopsis halleri: a perennial model system for studying population differentiation and local adaptation

Honjo

Kudoh

2019

AoB PLANTS

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Local adaptation is assumed to occur when populations differ in a phenotypic trait or a set of traits, and such variation has a genetic basis. Here, we introduce Arabidopsis halleri and its life history as a perennial model system to study population differentiation and local adaptation. Studies on altitudinal adaptation have been conducted in two regions: Mt. Ibuki in Japan and the European Alps. Several studies have demonstrated altitudinal adaptation in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) tolerance, leaf water repellency against spring frost and anti-herbivore defences. Studies on population differentiation in A. halleri have also focused on metal hyperaccumulation and tolerance to heavy metal contamination. In these study systems, genome scans to identify candidate genes under selection have been applied. Lastly, we briefly discuss how RNA-Seq can broaden phenotypic space and serve as a link to underlying mechanisms. In conclusion, A. halleri provides us with opportunities to study population differentiation and local adaptation, and relate these to the genetic systems underlying target functional traits.

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“…One is that the environmental gradient associated with altitude varies between individual mountains. For example, the gradient of nutrient availability in the soil is inconsistent between mountains (Kitayama et al., 1998; Köhler et al., 2006; Little et al., 2016; Powers, 1990; Rehder & Schäfer, 1978; Tan & Wang, 2016; Wang et al., 2019). The second possibility is that plant trait variation is caused by damage from stress rather than adaptation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific variations in leaf traits, productivity and resource use efficiencies in the dominant species of subalpine evergreen coniferous and deciduous broad‐leaved forests along the altitudinal gradient

et al. 2021

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Many studies have reported intraspecific variations in leaf functional traits, but their contribution to plant performance and ecosystem function are poorly understood. We studied altitudinal gradients of intraspecific variations in leaf traits, productivity and resource use efficiency in the dominant species of subalpine evergreen coniferous and deciduous broad‐leaved forests in Japan. We addressed three hypotheses, which are exclusive to each other. (1) Leaf traits vary along the leaf economics spectrum (LES). Plants that grow at lower and higher altitudes have fast‐ and slow‐return strategies, respectively, which improve productivity or resource use efficiency in the respective habitat. (2) Leaf trait variations are not consistent with the LES, but they contribute to improving productivity or resource use efficiency in the respective habitat. (3) Leaf trait variations do not contribute to improving productivity or resource use efficiency at higher altitudes. On the studied mountain range, Fagus crenata, a deciduous broad‐leaved tree, and Abies mariesii, an evergreen conifer, are the dominant species at lower and higher altitudes respectively. In F. crenata, leaf mass per area (LMA) and nitrogen concentrations were higher at higher altitudes. The net assimilation rate and light use efficiency during the growing season were greater at higher altitudes, which compensated for the shorter growing season in terms of annual productivity. In A. mariesii, the LMA was lower and the leaf life span was unchanged at higher altitudes. Productivity and resource use efficiency decreased with altitude. Synthesis. We conclude that F. crenata improves its productivity and resource use efficiency at higher altitudes by altering its leaf functional traits (Hypothesis 2), whereas alterations to leaf traits in A. mariesii are not associated with any improvement at higher altitudes (Hypothesis 3), which may result from the negative impact of environmental stress. Hence, the ecological significance of altitudinal variations in leaf traits depends on species and environment.

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Plasticity of functional traits and optimality of biomass allocation in elevational ecotypes of Arabidopsis halleri grown at different soil nutrient availabilities

Cited by 8 publications

References 76 publications

Does selection occur at the intermediate zone of two insufficiently isolated populations? A whole-genome analysis along an altitudinal gradient

Does selection occur at the intermediate zone of two insufficiently isolated populations? A whole-genome analysis along an altitudinal gradient

Arabidopsis halleri: a perennial model system for studying population differentiation and local adaptation

Intraspecific variations in leaf traits, productivity and resource use efficiencies in the dominant species of subalpine evergreen coniferous and deciduous broad‐leaved forests along the altitudinal gradient

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