Plasticity of cell fate: Insights from heterokaryons

Blau, Helen M.; Blakely, Bruce T.

doi:10.1006/scdb.1999.0311

Cited by 64 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The persistence of Pax3 expression in a subset of adult vascular mural cells does not constitute an unequivocal signature of skeletal muscle potential and indeed these cells primarily behave as smooth muscle cells. Because the vesselderived cells that we describe do not have a myogenic phenotype before fusion, the effect of Pax3 and myocardin is seen against the transcriptional background of the muscle cell, which, as shown in classical heterokaryon experiments (Blau and Blakely, 1999;Pomerantz et al, 2009) can lead to nuclear reprogramming per se. It is not clear whether the Pax3-expressing subpopulation of cells that we have identified in limb contractile arteries contributes in any way to skeletal muscle regeneration under physiological conditions.…”

Section: Pax3-expressing Cells In Blood Vessels 3985mentioning

confidence: 86%

Characterization of Pax3-expressing cells from adult blood vessels

Goupille¹,

Pallafacchina²,

Relaix³

et al. 2012

Development

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SummaryWe report expression of Pax3, an important regulator of skeletal muscle stem cell behaviour, in the brachial and femoral arteries of adult mice. In these contractile arteries of the limb, but not in the elastic arteries of the trunk, bands of GFP-positive cells were observed in Pax3 GFP/+ mice. Histological and biochemical examination of the vessels, together with clonal analysis after purification of Pax3-GFPpositive cells by flow cytometry, established their vascular smooth muscle identity. These blood-vessel-derived cells do not respond to inducers of other mesodermal cell types, such as bone, however, they can contribute to muscle fibre formation when co-cultured with skeletal muscle cells. This myogenic conversion depends on the expression of Pax3, but is rare and non-cell autonomous as it requires cell fusion. Myocardin, which promotes acquisition of a mature smooth muscle phenotype in these Pax3-GFP-positive cells, antagonises their potential for skeletal muscle differentiation. Genetic manipulation shows that myocardin is, however, positively regulated by Pax3, unlike genes for other myocardin-related factors, MRTFA, MRTFB or SRF. Expression of Pax3 overlaps with that reported for Msx2, which is required for smooth muscle differentiation of blood vessel-derived multipotent mesoangioblasts. These observations are discussed with respect to the origin and function of Pax3-expressing cells in blood vessels, and more general questions of cell fate determination and adult cell plasticity and reprogramming.

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Section: Pax3-expressing Cells In Blood Vessels 3985mentioning

confidence: 86%

Characterization of Pax3-expressing cells from adult blood vessels

Goupille¹,

Pallafacchina²,

Relaix³

et al. 2012

Development

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“…Much of our knowledge of the genetic composition of differentiated somatic cells comes from analyzing samples of several million cells. Only nuclear transfer (1,2,4,6,7,(10)(11)(12) and cell fusion (14)(15)(16)(17) experiments provide direct genetic information about single somatic cells. Nearly all previous nuclear transfer work has paid attention to embryos that cleave normally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result is also true when cells of early nuclear transfer embryos are differentiated in vitro or injected into host blastocysts (13). Cell fusion experiments have also demonstrated a reprogramming of gene activity (14)(15)(16), but even when hybrid cells, obtained by fusing somatic cells with embryonic germ and embryonic stem cells, are transferred to host embryos, the proportion of total somatic nuclei shown to undergo reprogramming is less than 6% (15,17).…”

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confidence: 98%

From intestine to muscle: Nuclear reprogramming through defective cloned embryos

Byrne

Simonsson

Gurdon

2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Nuclear transplantation is one of the very few ways by which the genetic content and capacity for nuclear reprogramming can be assessed in individual cells of differentiated somatic tissues. No more than 6% of the cells of differentiated tissues have thus far been shown to have nuclei that can be reprogrammed to elicit the formation of unrelated cell types. In Amphibia, about 25% of such nuclear transfers form morphologically abnormal partial blastulae that die within 24 h. We have investigated the genetic content and capacity for reprogramming of those nuclei that generate partial blastulae, using as donors the intestinal epithelium cells of feeding Xenopus larvae. We have analyzed single nuclear transplant embryos obtained directly from intestinal tissue, thereby avoiding any genetic or epigenetic changes that might accumulate during cell culture. The expression of the intestine-specific gene intestinal fatty acid binding protein is extinguished by at least 10 4 times, within a few hours of nuclear transplantation. At the same time several genes that are normally expressed only in early embryos are very strongly activated in nuclear transplant embryos, but to an unregulated extent. Remarkably, cells from intestine-derived partial blastulae, when grafted to normal host embryos, contribute to several host tissues and participate in the normal 100-fold increase in axial muscle over several months. Thus, cells of defective cloned embryos unable to survive for more than 1 day can be reprogrammed to participate in new directions of differentiation and to maintain indefinite growth, despite the abnormal expression of early genes.

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“…Cellular plasticity likely requires real-time control by transcriptional networks (90)(91)(92)(93)(94). Some models suggest several transcription factors may be key modulators of transitional events.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its implications for fibrosis

Kalluri¹,

Neilson²

2003

J. Clin. Invest.

2,048

906

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Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a central mechanism for diversifying the cells found in complex tissues. This dynamic process helps organize the formation of the body plan, and while EMT is well studied in the context of embryonic development, it also plays a role in the genesis of fibroblasts during organ fibrosis in adult tissues. Emerging evidence from studies of renal fibrosis suggests that more than a third of all disease-related fibroblasts originate from tubular epithelia at the site of injury. This review highlights recent advances in the process of EMT signaling in health and disease and how it may be attenuated or reversed by selective cytokines and growth factors.

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Plasticity of cell fate: Insights from heterokaryons

Cited by 64 publications

References 47 publications

Characterization of Pax3-expressing cells from adult blood vessels

Characterization of Pax3-expressing cells from adult blood vessels

From intestine to muscle: Nuclear reprogramming through defective cloned embryos

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its implications for fibrosis

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