Plasticity in probabilistic reaction norms for maturation in a salmonid fish

Morita, Kentaro; Tsuboi, Jun‐ichi; Nagasawa, Tôru

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0290

Cited by 52 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…With respect to plasticity, Jonsson et al [35,36] noted that the threshold size at maturity in Atlantic salmon was affected by both water temperature and food quality. In addition, Morita et al [21] showed in a transplant experiment that the threshold size at maturity in male charr varies with river width and temperature. However, it is difficult to explain why the plasticity affected the divergence of threshold size at maturity in males, which is related to migration cost.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, water temperature often decreases with increasing altitude, so it can also affect the diversity of threshold size at maturity in males (e.g. [21,22]). Thus, to test the hypothesis that migration cost is a general factor in shaping the diversity of threshold traits, the effects of migration costs on the threshold traits must be quantified under a sampling design that considers multicollinearity among environmental factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Migration costs drive convergence of threshold traits for migratory tactics

Sahashi

Morita

2013

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Partial migration of some, but not all, members of a population is a common form of migration. We evaluated how migration costs influence which members migrate in 10 populations of two salmonid species. The migratory patterns of both species were evaluated based on the size at maturity for resident males, which is the threshold trait that determines the migratory tactics used within a population. In both species, this size was smaller in males located further from the sea, where migration costs are presumably higher. Moreover, the threshold sizes at maturity in males were correlated between both species. Our results suggest that migration costs are a significant convergent selective force on migratory tactics and life-history traits in nature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration costs drive convergence of threshold traits for migratory tactics

Sahashi

Morita

2013

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…As the phenotype changes along the positively linear reaction norm, the fitness of the genotype (dashed lines) may change as well, in a linear (w 1 ) or nonlinear (w 2 ) manner, Incidence male parr maturity Probability of maturing Length (mm) Weight (g) Figure 8 Threshold reaction norms for the adoption of alternative life histories: (a) hypothesised genetic variability in reaction norm switchpoints between life histories A and B within a single population (re-drawn from Hazel et al, 1990); (b) genetic differences in reaction norms for parr maturity in male Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, as a function of growth rate (weight at 7 months) (original source: Piché et al, 2008); and (c) environmental differences in reaction norms for maturity in white-spotted char, Salvelinus leucomaenis, as a function of growth rate (length at 1 þ years) (original source: Morita et al, 2009). or it may remain constant (w 3 ). As Figure 10 is also meant to illustrate, changes in fitness may be realised irrespective of whether the reaction norm has a non-zero slope or not.…”

Section: Issues Arisingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old wine in new bottles: reaction norms in salmonid fishes

Hutchings

2011

Heredity

151

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Genetic variability in reaction norms reflects differences in the ability of individuals, populations and ultimately species to respond to environmental change. By increasing our understanding of how genotype Â environment interactions influence evolution, studies of genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity serve to refine our capacity to predict how populations will respond to natural and anthropogenic environmental variability, including climate change. Given the extraordinary variability in morphology, behaviour and life history in salmonids, one might anticipate the research milieu on reaction norms in these fishes to be empirically rich and intellectually engaging. Here, I undertake a review of genetic variability in continuous and discontinuous (threshold) norms of reaction in salmonid fishes, as determined primarily (but not exclusively) by common-garden experiments. Although in its infancy from a numerical publication perspective, there is taxonomically broad evidence of genetic differentiation in continuous, threshold and bivariate reaction norms among individuals, families and populations (including inter-population hybrids and backcrosses) for traits as divergent as embryonic development, age and size at maturity, and gene expression. There is compelling inferential evidence that plasticity is heritable and that population differences in reaction norms can reflect adaptive responses, by natural selection, to local environments. As a stimulus for future work, a series of 20 research questions are identified that focus on reaction-norm variability, selection, costs and constraints, demographic and conservation consequences, and genetic markers and correlates of phenotypic plasticity.

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“…If the maturation process is influenced by variables not included in the statistical estimation of the PMRN, shifts in the position of the PMRN over time may not necessarily indicate genetic changes [23,27]. Indeed, shifts in the position of a PMRN in response to selection pressures in the wild might always be owing to some unaccounted for factor (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental assessment of the probabilistic maturation reaction norm: condition matters

et al. 2010

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The probabilistic maturation reaction norm (PMRN) describes an individual's probability of maturing at a given age as a function of size and other relevant phenotypic traits. Population-level shifts in the PMRN are often interpreted to indicate genetic as opposed to phenotypic changes in maturation in fish. Inferences derived from trends in the PMRN have been challenged, warranting an experimental assessment of the method. This was accomplished in a laboratory experiment using zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish were reared under different food levels to induce variation in growth and maturation. Plasticity in maturation was not entirely captured by the demographic age-and length-based PMRN. Adding condition to the PMRN captured a greater amount of environmental variation in maturation probability. Nevertheless, significant differences in the PMRNs among the food levels remained after accounting for the influences of age, size and condition on maturation probability indicating plasticity of the PMRN. This was particularly pronounced between fish held on low food levels as compared with fish experiencing abundant resources, with the latter experiencing higher size-specific maturation probabilities. Our analysis emphasizes the need for incorporating salient physiological traits influencing maturation, such as condition, to make accurate inferences about documented shifts observed in the position of PMRNs on maturation trends in wild fish stocks.

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Plasticity in probabilistic reaction norms for maturation in a salmonid fish

Cited by 52 publications

References 17 publications

Migration costs drive convergence of threshold traits for migratory tactics

Migration costs drive convergence of threshold traits for migratory tactics

Old wine in new bottles: reaction norms in salmonid fishes

Experimental assessment of the probabilistic maturation reaction norm: condition matters

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