Plasticity in ploidy: a generalized response to stress

Scholes, Daniel R.; Paige, Ken N.

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2014.11.007

Cited by 127 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…The ability to generate endopolyploid cells seems to have re-evolved many times and is likely an important adaptation in those tissues or cell types where mitotic division would be deleterious for structural reasons, when rapid growth or large cell size are required, or to allow cell survival when DNA damage makes mitotic division untenable (for review, see Vinogradov et al 2001;Edgar et al 2014;Orr-Weaver 2015). Although there is clearly variation in the biology of endopolyploid cell types in different tissues or species, they do share several important consistent features, such as increased cell size and perhaps altered growth potential and physiology, which we discuss below (e.g., see Levin 1983;Butterfass 1987;Galitski et al 1999;Sugimoto-Shirasu and Roberts 2003;Barow 2006;Orr-Weaver 2015;Scholes and Paige 2015).…”

Section: Somatic Wgdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another context in which inducible endopolyploidy seems to be important is stress response and resilience, where increased levels of endopolyploidy have been hypothesized to confer direct benefits (for review, see De Veylder et al 2011;Schoenfelder and Fox 2015;Scholes and Paige 2015). However, in yeast cultures, isogenic diploid and tetraploid cells do not differ in stress tolerance, showing that stress tolerance is not a universal feature of polyploid cells (Andalis et al 2004).…”

Section: Big Cells and Rapid Growth-developmental Roles Of Somatic Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In normal development, there may also be costs associated with cell size increases and the usual irreversibility of polyploidy (Orr-Weaver 2015; Scholes and Paige 2015). For example, it has been proposed that high proportions of polyploid cells in an organ may decrease "metabolic scope" (the ratio of maximum to basal metabolic rate), suggesting that tissues with more polyploid cells have a poorer "safety margin" when operating at high capacity (Vinogradov et al 2001).…”

Section: Are There Costs Of Endopolyploidy?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, endopolyploidy that occurs in response to toxicity or injury in the liver is thought to limit long-term regenerative capacity and may be a major factor in aging (Gupta 2000). The problem of limited mitotic potential could be particularly prominent in fluctuating environments, where one set of conditions may favor endopolyploidy, but, as conditions change, endopolyploidy could become disfavored, at which point it cannot generally be undone (Scholes and Paige 2015).…”

Section: Are There Costs Of Endopolyploidy?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could result in a problem of communication-a decrease in the efficiency of nuclear-cytoplasmic transport (Orr-Weaver 2015; Scholes and Paige 2015). That cell size matters for polyploid cells is supported by direct comparisons of isogenic diploid and tetraploid yeast cells, where expression differences attributable purely to a ploidy shift included mostly genes whose expression is responsive to cell size independent of DNA content (Galitski et al 1999;Wu et al 2010).…”

Section: Are There Costs Of Endopolyploidy?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome management and mismanagement—cell-level opportunities and challenges of whole-genome duplication

Yant

Bomblies

2015

Genes Dev.

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Whole-genome duplication (WGD) doubles the DNA content in the nucleus and leads to polyploidy. In whole-organism polyploids, WGD has been implicated in adaptability and the evolution of increased genome complexity, but polyploidy can also arise in somatic cells of otherwise diploid plants and animals, where it plays important roles in development and likely environmental responses. As with whole organisms, WGD can also promote adaptability and diversity in proliferating cell lineages, although whether WGD is beneficial is clearly context-dependent. WGD is also sometimes associated with aging and disease and may be a facilitator of dangerous genetic and karyotypic diversity in tumorigenesis. Scaling changes can affect cell physiology, but problems associated with WGD in large part seem to arise from problems with chromosome segregation in polyploid cells. Here we discuss both the adaptive potential and problems associated with WGD, focusing primarily on cellular effects. We see value in recognizing polyploidy as a key player in generating diversity in development and cell lineage evolution, with intriguing parallels across kingdoms.

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Section: Somatic Wgdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Big Cells and Rapid Growth-developmental Roles Of Somatic Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Are There Costs Of Endopolyploidy?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Are There Costs Of Endopolyploidy?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Are There Costs Of Endopolyploidy?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Genome management and mismanagement—cell-level opportunities and challenges of whole-genome duplication

Yant

Bomblies

2015

Genes Dev.

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Endopolyploidy in Plants

Leitch

Dodsworth

2017

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Endopolyploidy is a general term describing the multiplication of nuclear DNA within the cell. In plants, this takes place via several mechanisms but mainly through the process of endoreduplication. Endoreduplication involves the replication of chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) without intervening mitoses and no obvious chromatin condensation/decondensation, with chromatids staying united either at the centromere or rarely, along their entire length. The occurrence of this form of endopolyploidy is uneven across plants; thus far, it has not been detected in some lineages (e.g. liverworts), whereas it is common in angiosperms (flowering plants), where very high levels (up to 24 567C) of endopolyploidy have been reported in some tissues. Internal and external factors contribute to the mechanisms underlying endopolyploidy, which can be seen as a key part of the developmental flexibility of plants. Recent work has shown that endopolyploidy may also play an important role in the response of plants to environmental stress. Key Concepts The frequency of endopolyploidy varies across different lineages of land plants. Three types of endopolyploidy have been reported in plants – endocycles, endomitosis and progressive partial endoreduplication, of which the endocycle is the most common. Endopolyploidy can reach very high levels in some plant cells (up to 24 567C). Endopolyploidy can lead to an increase in cell size, especially when the number of endocycles is high. The switch from the mitotic cell cycle to the endocycle involves changes in the regulation and abundance of a variety of cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), cyclins (CYC) and regulatory proteins/transcription factors. Endopolyploidy is common in reproductive tissues of plants, for example the nutritive tissue of the endosperm in seeds. The onset of endopolyploidy is induced in some cell tissues in response to stress.

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Whole‐Genome Duplications, a Source of Redundancy at the Entire‐Genome Scale

PAREY,

BERTHELOT

2023

Function and Evolution of Repeated DNA Sequences

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Plasticity in ploidy: a generalized response to stress

Cited by 127 publications

References 112 publications

Genome management and mismanagement—cell-level opportunities and challenges of whole-genome duplication

Genome management and mismanagement—cell-level opportunities and challenges of whole-genome duplication

Endopolyploidy in Plants

Whole‐Genome Duplications, a Source of Redundancy at the Entire‐Genome Scale

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