Plastic strain-induced grain refinement at the nanometer scale in copper

Wang, Ke; Tao, Nengguo; Liu, G.; Lü, Jian; Lu, K.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2006.07.013

Cited by 481 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Classical SPD process such as equal channel angular pressing and high pressure torsion have been used to obtain ultrafine-grained structures of the bulk volume of the material and elevate its mechanical strength [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological and Microstructural Characterization of Ultrafine Layers Induced by Wear in Ductile Alloys

et al. 2016

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This work studies the ultrafine subsurface layer produced in Al-Sn and Cu alloys in contact with AISI9840 steel. The tribological tests were conducted at room temperature without lubrication in a coaxial tribometer. A first microstructural characterization was performed using conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Grain refinement mapping was performed by means of Electron Backscattering Diffraction (EBSD). The wear process, during which tribolayers are formed, leads to significant differences between the structure of the sub-micrometrical layer below the tribolayer and that of the bulk. SEM images show severe mechanical mixing in the surface of the worn zones, whereas EBSD observations allow identifying the mechanically homogenized layers as a sub-micro-crystalline material with a cellular structure aligned along the sliding direction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological and Microstructural Characterization of Ultrafine Layers Induced by Wear in Ductile Alloys

et al. 2016

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“…For copper, this value is about 100 nm during room temperature deformation [12,13]. The deformation temperature is also a factor that influences the cell size and it has been established that the cell size increases with increasing deformation temperature in copper [14].…”

Section: Microstructure Formed Around Pin Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of nanocrystalline structure in Cu during friction stir processing (FSP)

Nelson

McNelley

et al. 2011

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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“…8 In general, the average grain sizes would decrease with decreasing working temperature and increasing working strain rate. The Zener-Holloman Z parameter is defined as…”

Section: B Relating Strain Rate and Temperature With Sample Micro-stmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(8). Similarly, the average time of these flying balls from the sample bottom to the motor top between second and third collision, τ …”

Section: B the Kinetic Energy Loss Of Flying Ballsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This will lead to promising properties of metals such as grain refinement and gradient structure. And researchers have made extensive uses of this SMAT treatment on various metallic materials including pure iron, 6 stainless steel, 7 and pure copper 8 in making gradient and nano-crystalline structure. [9][10][11][12] Although SMAT has gradually developed into a matured engineering surface treatment, never before has SMAT been treated with rigorous analytical modelling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical modelling for ultrasonic surface mechanical attrition treatment

et al. 2015

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The grain refinement, gradient structure, fatigue limit, hardness, and tensile strength of metallic materials can be effectively enhanced by ultrasonic surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT), however, never before has SMAT been treated with rigorous analytical modelling such as the connection among the input energy and power and resultant temperature of metallic materials subjected to SMAT. Therefore, a systematic SMAT model is actually needed. In this article, we have calculated the averaged speed, duration time of a cycle, kinetic energy and kinetic energy loss of flying balls in SMAT for structural metallic materials. The connection among the quantities such as the frequency and amplitude of attrition ultrasonic vibration motor, the diameter, mass and density of balls, the sample mass, and the height of chamber have been considered and modelled in details. And we have introduced the one-dimensional heat equation with heat source within uniform-distributed depth in estimating the temperature distribution and heat energy of sample. In this approach, there exists a condition for the frequency of flying balls reaching a steady speed. With these known quantities, we can estimate the strain rate, hardness, and grain size of sample. C 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

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Plastic strain-induced grain refinement at the nanometer scale in copper

Cited by 481 publications

References 28 publications

Tribological and Microstructural Characterization of Ultrafine Layers Induced by Wear in Ductile Alloys

Tribological and Microstructural Characterization of Ultrafine Layers Induced by Wear in Ductile Alloys

Development of nanocrystalline structure in Cu during friction stir processing (FSP)

Analytical modelling for ultrasonic surface mechanical attrition treatment

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