Plastic Properties and Testing

Shrivastava, Anshuman

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-39500-7.00003-4

Cited by 56 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Numerous properties of plastic materials, lightweight features, corrosion resistance ability, bright color, transparency, ease to process, etc., have made them greatly applicable in many fields. Furthermore, the versatility, low cost, and abundance of plastic-based products also influence their daily applicability [ 1 ]. Due to being constructed by organic molecules, plastics are rich with ignition properties, which contribute to a potential fire-risk [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the highly flammable property of plastic materials, they have a restricted use in high-temperature areas. Therefore, to avoid the significant loss of lives and properties caused by fire disaster, it is necessary to reduce the flammability of plastics through appropriate flame retardant treatment (such as covering the surface with a flame retardant coating and adding flame retardants) [ 1 , 3 ]. However, the addition of flame retardants is one of the prime methods to eliminate the flammability of plastics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Modified 3D-QSAR Model Based on Ideal Point Method and Its Application in the Molecular Modification of Plasticizers with Flame Retardancy and Eco-Friendliness

Zhang

Zhao

2020

Polymers

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The addition of plasticizers makes plastics flammable, and thus, poses a potential risk to the environment. In previous researches, plasticizers with flame retardancy had been synthesized, but their eco-friendliness had not been tested or described. Thus, in this paper, eco-friendliness plasticizers with flame retardancy were designed based on phthalic acid esters (PAEs), which are known as common plasticizers and major plastic additives. For a comprehensive analysis, such as flammability, biotoxicity, and enrichment effects, 17 PAEs’ comprehensive evaluation values were calculated based on the ideal point method. Further, a multi-effect three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model of PAEs’ flammability, biotoxicity and enrichment effects was constructed. Thus, 18 dimethyl phthalate (DMP) derivatives and 20 diallyl phthalate (DAP) derivatives were designed based on three-dimensional contour maps. Through evaluation of eco-friendliness and flammability, six eco-friendly PAE derivatives with flame retardancy were screened out. Based on contour maps analysis, it was confirmed that the introduction of large groups and hydrophobic groups was beneficial to the simultaneous improvement of PAEs’ comprehensive effects, and multiple effects. In addition, the group properties were correlated significantly with improved degrees of the comprehensive effects of corresponding PAE derivatives, confirming the feasibility of the comprehensive evaluation method and modified scheme.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified 3D-QSAR Model Based on Ideal Point Method and Its Application in the Molecular Modification of Plasticizers with Flame Retardancy and Eco-Friendliness

Zhang

Zhao

2020

Polymers

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“…One of the most important parameters of polymeric compounds used as cables sheaths is limited oxygen index (LOI) representing oxygen concentration value in the atmosphere needed to continuous burning of the materials. In the case of LOI < 21% O 2 , a material burns easily in the air after removing an ignition source [ 41 ]. LOI varies for different materials and reached 18.0% O 2 for the tested reference PE sample (the same value was presented in [ 42 ]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…%). This phenomenon was mainly observed for the samples with the clay pre-dispersions based on EVA or m-EVA (due to a higher fire resistance of these copolymers in comparison with EBA [ 41 , 43 ]). On the other hand, the highest LOI value was noted for PmEVA/CW-10, arguably, it resulted from modification of an EVA copolymer with maleic anhydride.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Highly Clay-Filled Polyethylene Composites as Coating Materials for Cable Industry—A New Application Route of Non-Organophilised Natural Montmorillonites in Polymeric Materials

et al. 2020

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In order to develop flame retardant and relatively green cable coating materials, polyethylene (PE) was melt blended with 5, 7.5, or 10 wt. % of a natural calcium montmorillonite (C–Ca) pre-dispersed in EBA (ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer), EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), or mEVA (EVA modified with maleic anhydride). For comparison, an organophilised montmorillonite (CW9) was tested. The main study of composites containing EBA/C–Ca, EVA/C–Ca, and mEVA/CW9 pre-dispersions revealed that both clays were not fully exfoliated in the matrix, however, C–Ca (7.5 wt. %) markedly increased limited oxygen index (LOI) from 18% O2 (PE) up to 22.0% O2. An insignificantly higher LOI value (22.2% O2) was noted for a sample with 10 wt. % of CW9. The fillers did not affect hardness, but spectacularly increased Young’s modulus of the compression-moulded samples (tensile strength and elongation at break values were reduced). Thermal features of the matrix were not unpredictably changed by the clays. Generally, all the tests revealed that PE filled with the chemically untreated natural C–Ca reached similar or better mechanical and thermal features than materials containing the ammonium salt-modified montmorillonite.

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“…Noise pollution is now being considered seriously and building acoustics has gained more attention. The demand for quieter, comfortable environment has led the designers and researchers to develop effective noise-control materials [ 3 , 4 ]. Acoustic panels are fiber-reinforced polymer composites used to absorb undesirable sound.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the Sound Absorption Characteristics of Foxtail Millet (Setariaitalica) Husk

et al. 2020

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The current study deals with the analysis of sound absorption characteristics of foxtail millet husk powder. Noise is one the most persistent pollutants which has to be dealt seriously. Foxtail millet is a small seeded cereal cultivated across the world and its husk is less explored for its utilization in polymer composites. The husk is the outer protective covering of the seed, rich in silica and lingo-cellulose content making it suitable for sound insulation. The acoustic characterization is done for treated foxtail millet husk powder and polypropylene composite panels. The physical parameters like fiber mass content, density, and thickness of the composite panel were varied and their influence over sound absorption was mapped. The influence of porosity, airflow resistance, and tortuosity was also studied. The experimental result shows that 30-mm thick foxtail millet husk powder composite panel with 40% fiber mass content, 320 kg/m3 density showed promising sound absorption for sound frequency range above 1000 Hz. We achieved noise reduction coefficient (NRC) value of 0.54. In view to improve the performance of the panel in low-frequency range, we studied the efficiency of incorporating air gap and rigid backing material to the designed panel. We used foxtail millet husk powder panel of density 850 kg/m3 as rigid backing material with varying air gap thickness. Thus the composite of 320 kg/m3 density, 30-mm thick when provided with 35-mm air gap and backing material improved the composite’s performance in sound frequency range 250 Hz to 1000 Hz. The overall sound absorption performance was improved and the NRC value and average sound absorption coefficient (SAC) were increased to 0.7 and 0.63 respectively comparable with the commercial acoustic panels made out of the synthetic fibers. We have calculated the sound absorption coefficient values using Delany and Bezlay model (D&B model) and Johnson–Champoux–Allard model (JCA model) and compared them with the measured sound absorption values.

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Plastic Properties and Testing

Cited by 56 publications

References 20 publications

A Modified 3D-QSAR Model Based on Ideal Point Method and Its Application in the Molecular Modification of Plasticizers with Flame Retardancy and Eco-Friendliness

A Modified 3D-QSAR Model Based on Ideal Point Method and Its Application in the Molecular Modification of Plasticizers with Flame Retardancy and Eco-Friendliness

Green Highly Clay-Filled Polyethylene Composites as Coating Materials for Cable Industry—A New Application Route of Non-Organophilised Natural Montmorillonites in Polymeric Materials

Elucidating the Sound Absorption Characteristics of Foxtail Millet (Setariaitalica) Husk

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