Plastic pollution of the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench area (NW pacific)

Fischer, Viola; Elsner, Nikolaus O.; Brenke, Nils; Schwabe, Enrico; Brandt, Angelika

doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.08.012

Cited by 194 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Only few studies have assessed debris below 500 m depth (June 1990;Galil et al 1995;Galgani et al 1996Galgani et al , 2000Galgani and Lecornu 2004;Keller et al 2010;Miyake et al 2011;Mordecai et al 2011;Bergmann and Klages 2012;Wei et al 2012;Pham et al 2013Pham et al , 2014Ramirez-Llodra et al 2013, Schlining et al 2013Fischer et al 2015;Vieira et al 2014);Galgani et al (2000) observed trends in deep-sea pollution over time off the European coast with an extremely variable distribution and debris accumulating in submarine canyons. Miyake et al (2011) recorded debris down to 7,216 m depth in video surveys from the Ryukyu Trench.…”

Section: Seafloormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, sampling has been limited to some dozens of trawls and van Cauwenberghe et al (2013) and Fischer et al (2015) found pieces of microplastics in deep-sea sediments from the southern Atlantic and Kuril-Kamchatka-trench area, respectively. Large-scale evaluations of seabed debris distribution and densities are more common in other regions (Galgani et al 2000).…”

Section: Seafloormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most surveys focused on specific oceanic regions and habitats, such as coastal areas, regional seas, gyres or the poles (Thompson et al 2004, Collignon et al 2012Rios and Moore 2007). Concentrations of microplastics at sea vary from thousands to hundreds of thousands of particles km −2 and latest reports suggest that microplastic pollution has spread throughout the world's oceans from the water column (Lattin et al 2010;Cole et al 2011) to sediments even of the deep sea (Moore et al 2001b;Law et al 2010;Claessens et al 2011;Cole et al 2011;Collignon et al 2012;Erikssen et al 2014;Reisser et al 2013;van Cauwenberghe et al 2013;Fischer et al 2015). Recently, microplastics were also recorded from Arctic sea ice in densities two orders of magnitude higher than those previously reported from highly contaminated surface waters, such as those of the Pacific gyre (Obbard et al 2014).…”

Section: Microplasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Distribution, Composition and Abundance of Marine Litter

Galgani

Hanke

Maes

2015

Marine Anthropogenic Litter

433

338

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Marine debris is commonly observed everywhere in the oceans. Litter enters the seas from both land-based sources, from ships and other installations at sea, from point and diffuse sources, and can travel long distances before being stranded. Plastics typically constitute the most important part of marine litter sometimes accounting for up to 100 % of floating litter. On beaches, most studies have demonstrated densities in the 1 item m −2 range except for very high concentrations because of local conditions, after typhoons or flooding events. Floating marine debris ranges from 0 to beyond 600 items km −2 . On the sea bed, the abundance of plastic debris is very dependent on location, with densities ranging from 0 to >7700 items km −2 , mainly in coastal areas. Recent studies have demonstrated that pollution of microplastics, particles <5 mm, has spread at the surface of oceans, in the water column and in sediments, even in the deep sea. Concentrations at the water surface ranged from thousands to hundred thousands of particles km −2 . Fluxes vary widely with factors such as proximity of urban activities, shore and coastal uses, wind and ocean currents. These enable the presence of accumulation areas in oceanic convergence zones and on the seafloor, notably in coastal canyons. Temporal trends are not clear with evidences for increases, decreases or without changes, depending on locations and environmental conditions. In terms of distribution and quantities, proper global estimations based on standardized approaches are still needed before considering efficient management and reduction measures.

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Section: Seafloormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seafloormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microplasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Distribution, Composition and Abundance of Marine Litter

Galgani

Hanke

Maes

2015

Marine Anthropogenic Litter

433

338

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“…Microplastics (plastics <5 mm, Arthur et al, 2008) have been observed throughout bottom sediments of marine and freshwater environments, including sediments in rivers (Casta-eda et al, 2014), estuaries (Thompson et al, 2004;Sruthy and Ramasamy, 2017), lagoons (Vianello et al, 2013), lakes (Corcoran et al, 2015), seas (Zobkov and Esiukova, 2017), and deep sea trenches (Van Cauwenberghe et al, 2013;Woodall et al, 2014;Fischer et al, 2015). Microplastics are commonly found in the environment in three forms; fragments which form from mechanical and biological fragmentation of larger plastic items (ter Halle et al, 2016), microbeads which are manufactured as abrasives in cosmetics and air-blasting (Fendall and Sewell, 2009;Mason et al, 2016), and microfibers from sources such as synthetic fabrics and ropes (Browne et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic Distribution at Different Sediment Depths in an Urban Estuary

et al. 2017

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As plastic production increases, so to do the threats from plastic pollution. Microplastics (defined as plastics <5 mm) are a subset of marine debris about which we know less than we do of larger debris items, though they are potentially ubiquitous in the marine environment. To quantify the distribution and change in microplastic densities through time, we sampled sediment cores from an estuary in Tasmania, Australia. We hypothesized that the type, distribution and abundance of microplastics observed would be associated with increasing plastic production, coastal population growth, and proximity to urban water outflows and local hydrodynamics. Sediments ranging from the year 1744 to 2004 were sub-sampled from each core. We observed microplastics in every sample, with greater plastic frequencies found in the upper (more recent) sediments. This time trend of microplastic accumulation matched that of global plastic production and coastal population growth. We observed that fibers were the most abundant type of microplastic in our samples. These fibers were present in sediments that settled prior to the presence of plastics in the environment. We propose a simple statistical model to estimate the level of contamination in our samples. We suggest that the current trend in the literature suggesting very high loads of fibers, particularly in remote locations such as the deep seafloor, may be largely due to contamination.

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“…Accumulation of marine plastic litter, including a 'soup' of microplastics, in all major gyres of the oceans (Moore 2008;Law et al 2010;Maximenko et al 2012;Van Sebille et al 2012, 2015 and in deep-sea sediments and polar sea-ice (e.g. Obbard et al 2014;Fischer et al 2015;Cózar et al 2017;Munari et al 2017;Tekman et al 2017) (OSPAR 2008(OSPAR , 2009(OSPAR , 2010a(OSPAR , 2010b(OSPAR , 2015a. The fulmar EcoQO monitoring has been included as an indicator for marine litter in the approach for Good Environmental Status in the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (Galgani et al 2010;EC 2010; MSFD GES Technical Subgroup on Marine Litter 2011).…”

Section: Figure IV Comparative Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%