Plastic collapse moment equations of throughwall axially cracked elbows subjected to combined internal pressure and in-plane bending moment

Plastic limit loads for pipe bends with circumferential through-wall crack under torsion moment

“…Based on the research of Christo et al [34][35][36] and Buckshumiyan et al [37,38] in-plane opening bending were taken into consideration and estimated equations based on FE analysis were proposed . Chattopadhyay and Tomar [7] and Chattopadhyay et al [39,40] evaluated plastic loads for combined loads and investigated the effect of internal pressure on the in-plane plastic moment of through-wall axially and circumferential cracked elbow. Kim et al [17] proposed plastic loads for pipe bends with circumferential through-wall and part-through surface cracks under in-plane bending and solutions with extending the allowable crack length in Chattopadhyay and Tomar [7] by means of FE limit load analyses.…”