Plasmons in Graphene: Fundamental Properties and Potential Applications

Jablan, Marinko; Soljačić, Marin; Buljan, Hrvoje

doi:10.1109/jproc.2013.2260115

Cited by 233 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…In this context, we notice that the ČR rate increases for higher frequencies (ČR is even observed in the x-ray range at narrow spectral windows [53]), where the difference between the quantum and the conventional ČR effects is considerably larger. A different alternative would be to use artificial materials with a very high index of refraction [54], or to use materials like graphene, where very high refractive indices already exist, reaching 200-300 for plasmons propagating in it [55]. Intriguingly, the quantum ČR becomes of great importance for bound charge carriers that cross the Čerenkov velocity threshold inside a medium [56] because their effective mass can be very low, thus making the ratio ℏω=E i significantly larger, even going above unity.…”

Section: Quantum Derivation: the Rate Of Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Čerenkov Radiation: Spectral Cutoffs and the Role of Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum

et al. 2016

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We show that the well-known Čerenkov effect contains new phenomena arising from the quantum nature of charged particles. The Čerenkov transition amplitudes allow coupling between the charged particle and the emitted photon through their orbital angular momentum and spin, by scattering into preferred angles and polarizations. Importantly, the spectral response reveals a discontinuity immediately below a frequency cutoff that can occur in the optical region. Near this cutoff, the intensity of the conventional Čerenkov radiation (ČR) is very small but still finite, while our quantum calculation predicts exactly zero intensity above the cutoff. Below that cutoff, with proper shaping of electron beams (ebeams), we predict that the traditional ČR angle splits into two distinctive cones of photonic shockwaves. One of the shockwaves can move along a backward cone, otherwise considered impossible for conventional ČR in ordinary matter. Our findings are observable for ebeams with realistic parameters, offering new applications including novel quantum optics sources, and opening a new realm for Čerenkov detectors involving the spin and orbital angular momentum of charged particles.

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Section: Quantum Derivation: the Rate Of Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Čerenkov Radiation: Spectral Cutoffs and the Role of Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum

et al. 2016

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 In the above, E F is the Fermi energy of the graphene substrate, which is directly related to the electron carrier density, and τ is the empirical relaxation time corresponding to losses that can generally be a function of frequency and vary with the Fermi energy. 26 In this work we neglect the dependence of τ on E F but it can be accounted for using results of density functional theory analysis. 27 While the local model is more precise and has been demonstrated to well-describe flourescence quenching experiments in graphene, 28 we also consider the Drude model to connect to other 2D metals and also other Drude metals featuring high local density of states.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable UV-Emitters through Graphene Plasmonics

et al. 2017

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Control over the spontaneous emission of light through tailored optical environments remains a fundamental paradigm in nanophotonics. The use of highly-confined plasmons in materials such as graphene provides a promising platform to enhance transition rates in the IR-THz by many orders of magnitude. However, such enhancements involve near-field plasmon modes or other kinds of near-field coupling like quenching, and it is challenging to use these highly confined modes to harness light in the far-field due to the difficulty of plasmonic outcoupling. Here, we propose that through the use of radiative cascade chains in multi-level emitters, IR plasmons can be used to enhance far field spectra in the visible and UV range, even at energies greater than 10 eV. Combining Purcell-enhancement engineering, graphene plasmonics, and radiative cascade can result in a new type of UV emitter whose properties can be tuned by electrically doping graphene. Varying the distance between the emitter and the graphene surface can change the strength of the far-field emission lines by two orders of magnitude. We also find that the dependence of the far-field emission on the Fermi energy is poten- to effectively serve as a "switch" for turning on and off certain plasmonic and far-field emissions.

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“…The confinement of GPs to plasmon wavelengths over 200 times smaller than the free space wavelength has been predicted [1,[26][27][28], with very recent work suggesting that much higher confinements are also achievable [29]. Importantly, the observed plasmon lifetimes are gradually improving due to higher quality samples and fabrications of Van der Waals heterostructures [3], and are expected to increase further with advances in fabrication techniques (e.g., [30]).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Looking beyond graphene, the concept presented here is applicable to other 2D materials that support surface plasmons. Examples include bi-layer graphene [50], and single atomic layers of silver and gold, which have been shown in very recent works to have high confinement factors while also having higher frequencies than GPs [1].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards graphene plasmon-based free-electron infrared to X-ray sources

et al. 2015

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Rapid progress in nanofabrication methods has fuelled a quest for ultra-compact photonic integrated systems and nanoscale light sources. The prospect of small-footprint, highquality emitters of short-wavelength radiation is especially exciting due to the importance of extreme ultraviolet and X-ray radiation as research and diagnostic tools in medicine, engineering, and the natural sciences. Here, we propose a highly-directional, tunable, and monochromatic radiation source based on electrons interacting with graphene plasmons (GPs). Our complementary analytical theory and ab-initio simulations demonstrate that the high momentum of the strongly-confined GPs enables the generation of high-frequency radiation from relatively low-energy electrons, bypassing the need for lengthy electron acceleration stages or extreme laser intensities. For instance, highly-directional 20 keV photons could be generated in a table-top design using electrons from conventional radiofrequency (RF) electron guns. The conductive nature and high damage threshold of graphene make it especially suitable for this application. Our electron-plasmon scattering

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Plasmons in Graphene: Fundamental Properties and Potential Applications

Cited by 233 publications

References 99 publications

Quantum Čerenkov Radiation: Spectral Cutoffs and the Role of Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum

Quantum Čerenkov Radiation: Spectral Cutoffs and the Role of Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum

Tunable UV-Emitters through Graphene Plasmonics

Towards graphene plasmon-based free-electron infrared to X-ray sources

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