Plasmonics for near-field nano-imaging and superlensing

Kawata, Satoshi; Inouye, Yasushi; Verma, Prabhat

doi:10.1038/nphoton.2009.111

Cited by 722 publications

(500 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…For the excited SPR state of the Ag nanostructure, the dipole moment is expected to be very large, and the local electric field (E 2 ) is enhanced enormously by the SPR oscillation. The combination of these two factors will result in a huge enhancement factor β, similar to the cases of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS; refs 20,21) and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS; refs [22][23][24][25]. In other words, the SPR peak of EELS should thus be significantly enhanced, and its transition probability should be quadratically dependent on the external field, as clearly confirmed by our experimental observations.…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

Nonlinear inelastic electron scattering revealed by plasmon-enhanced electron energy-loss spectroscopy

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2014

Nature Phys

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Electron energy-loss spectroscopy is a powerful tool for identifying the chemical composition of materials [1][2][3][4][5] . It relies mostly on the measurement of inelastic electrons, which carry specific atomic or molecular information. Inelastic electron scattering, however, has a very low intensity, often orders of magnitude weaker than that of elastically scattered electrons. Here, we report the observation of enhanced inelastic electron scattering from silver nanostructures, the intensity of which can reach up to 60% of its elastic counterpart. A home-made scanning probe electron energy-loss spectrometer 6 was used to produce highly localized plasmonic excitations, significantly enhancing the strength of the local electric field of silver nanostructures. The intensity of inelastic electron scattering was found to increase nonlinearly with respect to the electric field generated by the tip-sample bias, providing direct evidence of nonlinear electron scattering processes. Figure 1a gives a schematic drawing of the scanning probe electron energy-loss spectroscopy (SP-EELS) technique used in this study, the details of which can be found elsewhere 6 . Briefly, it consists of a tip-sample system and a toroidal electron energy analyser (TEEA). The experimental arrangement is sketched in Fig. 1b. A tip made from a 0.42 mm tungsten wire by electrochemical etching is approached to a distance of micrometres from the grounded sample surface, which is prepared by evaporating a 30 nm thin film of Ag on freshly cleaved highly ordered pyrolytic graphene (HOPG). Silver structures with dimensions of tens of nanometres are observed on the sample surface, as illustrated in the inset of Fig. 1b. Electrons are field-emitted from the tip when a negative tip voltage V t of hundreds of volts is applied, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the Ag nanostructures is excited by the field-emission electrons under a strong electric field introduced by the tip-sample bias. The backscattered electrons from the sample surface are collected and analysed by the TEEA. In this way the electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) under a certain tip-sample distance and tip voltage can be acquired.It should be mentioned that EELS has been applied for decades to detect surface plasmons 1,7-14 , and in combination with a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) it is capable of mapping the spatial variation of SPRs at the nanoscale 11-14 . The energy-loss feature of Ag systems has been studied extensively by EELS, including low-energy backscattering EELS (refs 1,10) and high-energy transmission EELS (refs 11,13,14). A typical EELS spectrum of Ag nanostructures is shown in Fig. 1c, which was obtained at a tip-sample distance of 114 µm with a tip voltage of −246 V and a sample current of 10 pA. The energy-loss peak located at about 3.7 eV is associated with the SPR excitation of Ag. Our spectrum is in excellent agreement with those reported by Palmer's group, who also used scanning probe electron spectroscopy to investigate the EELS of Ag sur...

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supporting

confidence: 83%

Nonlinear inelastic electron scattering revealed by plasmon-enhanced electron energy-loss spectroscopy

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2014

Nature Phys

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“…The metal nanostructures can influence the fluorescence emission of molecules [187], and the radiation decay rate of the molecules [188] and the scattering of nanostructures are changed by increasing the coupling efficiency of fluorescence emission to far field [189]. All processes can be controlled by the distance, size, and geometric parameters between the particles.…”

Section: Surface-enhanced Fluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Exciton-plasmon coupling interactions: from principle to applications

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The interaction of exciton-plasmon coupling and the conversion of exciton-plasmon-photon have been widely investigated experimentally and theoretically. In this review, we introduce the exciton-plasmon interaction from basic principle to applications. There are two kinds of exciton-plasmon coupling, which demonstrate different optical properties. The strong exciton-plasmon coupling results in two new mixed states of light and matter separated energetically by a Rabi splitting that exhibits a characteristic anticrossing behavior of the exciton-LSP energy tuning. Compared to strong coupling, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface plasmon (SP)-enhanced absorption, enhanced fluorescence, or fluorescence quenching, there is no perturbation between wave functions; the interaction here is called the weak coupling. SP resonance (SPR) arises from the collective oscillation induced by the electromagnetic field of light and can be used for investigating the interaction between light and matter beyond the diffraction limit. The study on the interaction between SPR and exaction has drawn wide attention since its discovery not only due to its contribution in deepening and broadening the understanding of SPR but also its contribution to its application in light-emitting diodes, solar cells, low threshold laser, biomedical detection, quantum information processing, and so on.

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“…It covers a wide range of applications including nanoscale circuits [1][2][3] , cancer therapy 4 , holography 5 , efficient solar cells 6 , metamaterial devices [7][8][9] , single-molecule detection 10,11 , biosensing 12 and nanoresolution imaging 13 . Some of the functions of surface plasmon polaritons utilized in plasmonic techniques are field enhancement, photon nanoconfinement and spectral tunability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tip-enhanced nano-Raman analytical imaging of locally induced strain distribution in carbon nanotubes

et al. 2013

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Tip-enhanced Raman scattering microscopy is a powerful technique for analysing nanomaterials at high spatial resolution far beyond the diffraction limit of light. However, imaging of intrinsic properties of materials such as individual molecules or local structures has not yet been achieved even with a tip-enhanced Raman scattering microscope. Here we demonstrate colour-coded tip-enhanced Raman scattering imaging of strain distribution along the length of a carbon nanotube. The strain is induced by dragging the nanotube with an atomic force microscope tip. A silver-coated nanotip is employed to enhance and detect Raman scattering from specific locations of the nanotube directly under the tip apex, representing deformation of its molecular alignment because of the existence of local strain. Our technique remarkably provides an insight into localized variations of structural properties in nanomaterials, which could prove useful for a variety of applications of carbon nanotubes and other nanomaterials as functional devices and materials.

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Plasmonics for near-field nano-imaging and superlensing

Cited by 722 publications

References 95 publications

Nonlinear inelastic electron scattering revealed by plasmon-enhanced electron energy-loss spectroscopy

Nonlinear inelastic electron scattering revealed by plasmon-enhanced electron energy-loss spectroscopy

Exciton-plasmon coupling interactions: from principle to applications

Tip-enhanced nano-Raman analytical imaging of locally induced strain distribution in carbon nanotubes

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