Plasmonic terahertz lasing in an array of graphene nanocavities

Popov, V. V.; Polischuk, O. V.; Davoyan, Artur R.; Ryzhii, V.; Otsuji, T.; Shur, M. S.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.86.195437

Cited by 110 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In particular, the interband population inversion and the pertinent negativity of the dynamic conductivity in GLs [2,3] due to the optical or injection pumping can be used in GL-based THz lasers [4][5][6][7][8][9]. First experimental results on the THz emission from optically excited GLs [10] (see also review paper [11] and references therein) instill confidence in the realization of such lasers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Injection terahertz laser using the resonant inter-layer radiative transitions in double-graphene-layer structure

Ryzhii

Dubinov

Aleshkin

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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We propose and substantiate the concept of terahertz (THz) laser enabled by the resonant electron radiative transitions between graphene layers (GLs) in double-GL structures. We estimate the THz gain for TM-mode exhibiting very low Drude absorption in GLs and show that the gain can exceed the losses in metal-metal waveguides at the low end of the THz range. The spectrum of the emitted photons can be tuned by the applied voltage. A weak temperature dependence of the THz gain promotes an effective operation at room temperature.The gapless energy spectrum of graphene layers (GLs) [1] enables the creation of different terahertz (THz) devices utilizing the interband transition. In particular, the interband population inversion and the pertinent negativity of the dynamic conductivity in GLs [2,3] due to the optical or injection pumping can be used in GL-based THz lasers [4][5][6][7][8][9]. First experimental results on the THz emission from optically excited GLs [10] (see also review paper [11] and references therein) instill confidence in the realization of such lasers. One of the obstacles, limiting the achievement of the negative dynamic conductivity in the range of a few THz, is the reabsorption of the photons with the in-plane polarization emitted at the interband transitions due to the intraband transitions (the Drude absorption). Similar situation takes place in the quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) based on multiple quantum well (MQW) structures [12]. However, in the case of the photon polarization perpendicular to the QW plane the intraband (intrasubband) absorption can be much weaker than that following from the semi-classical Drude formula [13].In this paper, we propose a device structure based on a double-GL structure shown in Fig. 1 (upper panel) with the injection of electrons to one n-doped GL and to another p-doped GL, which can be used for lasing of THz photons with the electric field perpendicular to the GL plane due to the tunneling inter-GL radiative processes. The structure band diagram under the applied bias voltage and tunneling transitions assisted with the emission of photons with the energy ω ∼ ∆, where ∆ is the energy distance (gap) between the Dirac points in GLs, are demonstrated in Fig. 1 (lower panel). These transitions take place from the conduction band of the GL with 2DEG to the empty conduction band of GL with 2DHG. The transition from the filled valence band the former GL to the empty portion of the valence band of the latter GL also contribute to the emission of photons with ω ∼ ∆. The structure comprises two GLs with the side contact at one of the GL edges. This double-GL structure plays the role of the laser active region. The opposite edge of GL is isolated from another contact. A narrow tunneling-transparent barrier separates GLs (its thickness d is about few nanometers). The applied bias voltage V provides the formation of the two-dimensional electron and hole gases (2DEG and 2DHG) in the upper and lower GLs, respectively owing to the injection from the side contacts, so that the ...

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Injection terahertz laser using the resonant inter-layer radiative transitions in double-graphene-layer structure

Ryzhii

Dubinov

Aleshkin

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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“…It has been also suggested that SPs could be excited in graphene on a periodically structured * e-mail: michael.sarrazin@unamur.be substrate 17,18 or via regular patterns in graphene. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] A recent experimental result showed that graphene SPs can be excited in a Kretschmann configuration using graphene deposited on a planar gold layer. 10 A different approach 26 was used in which SP resonance tunability was achieved by electromagnetic field coupling between a graphene sheet and SPs excited in gold nanoparticles.…”

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Graphene-coated holey metal films: Tunable molecular sensing by surface plasmon resonance

Reckinger

Vlad

Melinte

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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† These authors contributed equally to this workWe report on the enhancement of surface plasmon resonances in a holey bidimensional grating of subwavelength size, drilled in a gold thin film coated by a graphene sheet. The enhancement originates from the coupling between charge carriers in graphene and gold surface plasmons. The main plasmon resonance peak is located around 1.5 µm. A lower constraint on the gold-induced doping concentration of graphene is specified and the interest of this architecture for molecular sensing is also highlighted. † These authors contributed equally to this work.PACS numbers: 78.67. Wj, 73.20.Mf, 42.79.Dj, 07.07.Df Plasmonic devices offer valuable platforms for a wide range of emerging molecular detection schemes. Among such applications, biosensors are very promising especially from the point of view of lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technologies. 1 Indeed, plasmon resonances are characterized by both a strong electric field and a great sensitivity to environmental conditions. As a consequence, adsorbed species can be detected through the resonance wavelength shift. In addition, the strong electric field enhancement allows for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, which can be used for single molecule detection. 2 Surface plasmons (SPs) require specific conditions to be excited. For instance, in the Kretschmann configuration, a light beam is totally internally reflected in a prism on which a metallic film is deposited and triggers the generation of SPs. 3 In a holey metal film, SPs can be excited by a normal incidence light beam. 4 Light is scattered due to the corrugations and the evanescent diffraction orders can excite SPs. 5 For a metallic layer accommodating an array of holes with subwavelength size, it is possible to probe SPs by simply measuring the intensity of the transmitted light. Such a simple configuration is much more practical in the LOC context and it has been widely studied since the pioneering work of Ebbesen et al. in 1998. 4 Recent theoretical works have shown that doping can induce SP modes in graphene. 6-8 Graphene, which appears as a monoatomic layer made of sp 2 carbon atoms in a hexagonal lattice configuration, presents a plethora of amazing properties. 9 In that context, SPs have been observed for graphene doped by charge transfer from metal thin films, 10-13 external atoms 14 or electrostatic gating 15,16 . It has been also suggested that SPs could be excited in graphene on a periodically structured * e-mail: michael.sarrazin@unamur.be substrate 17,18 or via regular patterns in graphene. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] A recent experimental result showed that graphene SPs can be excited in a Kretschmann configuration using graphene deposited on a planar gold layer. 10 A different approach 26 was used in which SP resonance tunability was achieved by electromagnetic field coupling between a graphene sheet and SPs excited in gold nanoparticles.In the present work, we describe and study an opti-

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“…Графен с двойной металлической периодической ре-шеткой поддерживает плазмонные коллективные моды, когерентно колеблющиеся на всей площади структуры, что приводит к ТГц сверхизлучению из структуры на частотах плазмонного резонанса [12,13]. Светлый лепе-сток (рис.…”

Section: результаты расчетов и их обсуждениеunclassified

Усиление терагерцового излучения в плазмонной n-i-p-i-структуре на основе графена с инжекцией носителей заряда

Полищук¹,

Фатеев²,

Попов³

2017

Физика И Техника Полупроводников

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Теоретически исследован спектр поглощения/усиления терагерцового излучения в неоднородном графене (n−i−p−i-структура) с периодической двойной металлической решеткой. Показано, что усиление терагер-цового излучения на частоте плазмонного резонанса резко возрастает, когда потери за счет электронного рассеяния и потери на излучение уравновешиваются плазмонным усилением (связанным со стимулированной излучательной межзонной рекомбинацией электронно-дырочных пар в инвертированной области графена).

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Plasmonic terahertz lasing in an array of graphene nanocavities

Cited by 110 publications

References 46 publications

Injection terahertz laser using the resonant inter-layer radiative transitions in double-graphene-layer structure

Injection terahertz laser using the resonant inter-layer radiative transitions in double-graphene-layer structure

Graphene-coated holey metal films: Tunable molecular sensing by surface plasmon resonance

Усиление терагерцового излучения в плазмонной n-i-p-i-структуре на основе графена с инжекцией носителей заряда

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