“…Hence, they enable trace-level/single molecule spectroscopy, − ultrasensitive light detection, , biosensing, and heat transfer. , In recent years, the development of optical antennas has mainly relied on plasmonic metal nanostructures (PMNs). Numerous applications of PMNs have been demonstrated, such as sensors, nano-, and micro-optical devices, photocatalysis, − and photovoltaics. − PMNs exhibit high extinction cross sections due to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). ,− The LSPR frequency is sensitive to dielectric function and geometry (shape and size) of the nanostructure as well as the physical environment and EM coupling between neighboring nanostructures and substrates. , However, plasmonic resonators suffer from absorption losses inherent to metals at visible frequencies …”