Plasmonic Nanomaterials: Nonnoble‐Metal‐Based Plasmonic Nanomaterials: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives (Adv. Mater. 42/2018)

Solar-driven plasmonic heterostructure Ti/TiO2−xwith gradient doping for sustainable plasmon-enhanced catalysis

“…However, intrinsic features of the plasmonic heterostructures limit its further development for highly efficient coupling of plasmons with solar light and yields of energetic charge carriers, such as the weak coupling [9][10][11] , dependence on noble metals and complexity of fabrication. Nowadays, the non-noble metals have been attracting high research interests due to their abundance and superior physicochemical properties [12][13][14][15] , but only few non-noble materials can support plasmon resonances (SPRs) in the visible light region and overcome the challenges which include chemical stability, controllability and reliable synthesis 12 . In principle, metal Ti interfacing with a proper dielectric environment, such as titanium oxides, can activate SPRs [16][17][18][19] .…”

When Ellipsometry Works Best: A Case Study With Transparent Conductive Oxides

“…The bulk of research into plasmonic device design has focused on the plethora of potential nanoarchitectures that can be utilized either in order to enhance the plasmonic performance for particular applications or to tune the operational window toward unexplored spectral ranges. So far, the majority of the research works utilize Au and Ag, which produce the strongest resonances due to their unrivaled conductivity. , However, this route has stalled the translation of these concepts into real and practical devices due to certain limitations of the noble metals, that is, their incompatibility with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) techniques and their low melting point and high diffusivity (preventing their use at high temperatures). Another key factor is that monatomic metals cannot be doped.…”

“…Recently, the focus has shifted toward alternative materials that overcome these limitations, including refractory metals, transition metal nitrides, , and transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), and gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO). − The quest for alternative materials stems from the desire to expand the operational frequency without sacrificing performance. For example, extension of the resonance into the infrared (IR) can enable high-sensitivity label-free detection of molecules via vibrational/rotational spectroscopy . At far IR and terahertz (THz) wavelengths, plasmonics has been proposed to benefit applications for photothermal detection, THz sources, and imaging through opaque objects .…”

“…So far, the majority of the research works utilize Au and Ag, which produce the strongest resonances due to their unrivaled conductivity. 17,18 However, this route has stalled the translation of these concepts into real and practical devices due to certain limitations of the noble metals, that is, their incompatibility with complementary metal−oxide−semiconductor (CMOS) techniques 19 and their low melting point and high diffusivity (preventing their use at high temperatures). Another key factor is that monatomic metals cannot be doped.…”

“…For example, extension of the resonance into the infrared (IR) can enable high-sensitivity label-free detection of molecules via vibrational/rotational spectroscopy. 17 At far IR and terahertz (THz) wavelengths, plasmonics has been proposed to benefit applications for photothermal detection, THz sources, and imaging through opaque objects. 30 Vitally, the nonretarded frequency for plasmon resonance of nitrides and TCOs can be tuned through the manipulation of the defect composition 31,32 and application of an electric field via the Pockels effect.…”