“…Generally, Fano resonance arises from constructive or destructive interference of a narrow discrete resonance (dark mode) with a broad spectral line or continuum (bright mode) associated with a concentrated electromagnetic field [13]. Recently, Fano resonances excited in metallic nanostructures have attracted much interest because of their sharp spectral response and various potential applications in biochemical sensors [7-11, 14, 15], surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) [16], plasmonic switch [17,18], electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [19][20][21][22][23], etc. It is convenient to excite Fano resonance in metallic nanostructures with symmetry breaking for the existence of higher-order resonances in such system [24][25][26], and therefore, it is easy to introduce bright modes coupling into dark modes, resulting in the excitation of subradiant modes and then forming Fano resonance.…”