“…The surface-activated graphene was dried in an oven overnight at 60 ℃ before use. AuNS were prepared as described in previous work using a seed-mediated method 29 . Typically, following the addition of 100 µL of the gold seed (Najing Technology Co., Ltd., China, 0.1nM), 50 µL of 0.1 M ascorbic acid (Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., China, 99.0%, AR), and 50 µL of AgNO 3 (Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd., China, 0.1N) were added simultaneously while stirring moderately to a 10 mL solution of 0.25 mM HAuCl 4 (Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd., China, 50% Au basis) containing 10 mL of 1 N HCl (Guangzhou Rongman Biotechnology Co., Ltd., China, 36%, AR).…”