Plasmon-Based Colorimetric Nanosensors for Ultrasensitive Molecular Diagnostics

Abstract

Colorimetric detection of target analytes with high specificity and sensitivity is of fundamental importance to clinical and personalized point-of-care diagnostics. Because of their extraordinary optical properties, plasmonic nanomaterials have been introduced into colorimetric sensing systems, which provide significantly improved sensitivity in various biosensing applications. Here we review the recent progress on these plasmonic nanoparticles-based colorimetric nanosensors for ultrasensitive molecular diagnostics. According to their different colorimetric signal generation mechanisms, these plasmonic nanosensors are classified into two categories: (1) interparticle distance-dependent colorimetric assay based on target-induced forming cross-linking assembly/aggregate of plasmonic nanoparticles; and (2) size/morphology-dependent colorimetric assay by target-controlled growth/etching of the plasmonic nanoparticles. The sensing fundamentals and cutting-edge applications will be provided for each of them, particularly focusing on signal generation and/or amplification mechanisms that realize ultrasensitive molecular detection. Finally, we also discuss the challenge and give our future perspective in this emerging field.

Plasmonic molecular assays: Recent advances and applications for mobile health

“…Such changes turn the plasmonic nanoparticles into a colorimetric assay, in which the degree of color change (spectral shift) can be correlated to the concentration of analytes (the trigger molecules of nanoparticle aggregation). Plasmonic colorimetry is one of the most competitive biosensing technologies available for POC testing due to its simplicity, sensitivity, and reliability [38]. For example, Mirkin et al have pioneered on this format of assay using oligonucleotidefunctioned gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), which exhibit a strong red shift upon aggregation in the presence of target nucleotide [39,40], allowing rapid and sensitive readout with the naked eye or by an inexpensive optical device [41].…”

Plasmonic Gold Nanovesicles for Biomedical Applications

“…As we know, GNPs, as signal producers or amplifiers, have been widely used in in vitro diagnosis owing to their unique optical properties (e.g., LSPR, photoluminescence and SERS) . Moreover, their large specific surface area promise the carry of recognition biomolecules and signaling molecules (e.g., DNA, RNA, aptamers, antibodies, and enzymes) . As the assemblies of GNPs, GVs with hollow cavity show great potential in the field of in vitro diagnosis.…”

“…[58,59] Moreover, their large specific surface area promise the carry of recognition biomolecules and signaling molecules (e.g., DNA, RNA, aptamers, antibodies, and enzymes). [60][61][62] As the assemblies of GNPs, GVs with hollow cavity show great potential in the field of in vitro diagnosis. Recently, Ye et al developed an enzyme-free signal amplification technique based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), by using Pd-Ir NPs-loaded GVs, for colorimetric detection of human prostate surface antigen (PSA).…”

Facile Designing of a Colorimetric Plasmonic Gold Nanosensor for Selective Detection of Cysteine over Other Biothiols

“…The analyte guided fine tailoring of the plasmonic nanosensors of varying shapes and sizes into exotic assemblies modifies their visual appearance in a characteristic way and forms the basis for quick diagnosis of trace biomarkers . Hence the same are constantly emerging as alternative tools for highly sensitive, selective and cost effective analysis …”

“…[1] Hence the same are constantly emerging as alternative tools for highly sensitive, selective and cost effective analysis. [2] The silver and gold nanoparticles equipped with unmatchable and unique plasmon resonance properties have been used as major tools for the colorimetric sensing of a variety of analytes. [3] A number of invitro and invivo clinical diagnostic techniques are now being coupled with nanomaterials for enhancing their diagnostic performances as the same have high surface to volume ratio as well as possesses ability to be multifunctionalized.…”