Plasmodium vivax malaria elimination: should innovative ideas from the past be revisited?

Val, Fernando; Sampaio, Vanderson de Souza; Cassera, María B.; Andrade, Raquel Tapajós; Tauil, Pedro Luíz; Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo; Lacerda, Marcus Vinícius Guimarães

doi:10.1590/0074-0276140240

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Further evidence for pvdhfs amplification as well as dhfr SNVs is suggestive of selective pressure from the past indiscriminate use of antifolates in the 1950s and 1960s. 4,5 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyrimethamine was added to table salt in some countries, including Brazil in the 1950s. 4,5 Although P. vivax alleles conferring resistance to pyrimethamine are well known 6-9 and are found in the Amazon basin, alleles conferring resistance to chloroquine, artemisinin, and primaquine (the only therapy that prevents vivax malaria relapse) in P. vivax remain obscure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Next-Generation Sequencing of Plasmodium vivax Patient Samples Shows Evidence of Direct Evolution in Drug-Resistance Genes

Flannery¹,

Wang²,

Akbari³

et al. 2015

ACS Infect. Dis.

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Understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance in Plasmodium vivax, the parasite that causes the most widespread form of human malaria, is complicated by the lack of a suitable long-term cell culture system for this parasite. In contrast to P. falciparum, which can be more readily manipulated in the laboratory, insights about parasite biology need to be inferred from human studies. Here we analyze the genomes of parasites within 10 human P. vivax infections from the Peruvian Amazon. Using next-generation sequencing we show that some P. vivax infections analyzed from the region are likely polyclonal. Despite their polyclonality we observe limited parasite genetic diversity by showing that three or fewer haplotypes comprise 94% of the examined genomes, suggesting the recent introduction of parasites into this geographic region. In contrast we find more than three haplotypes in putative drug-resistance genes, including the gene encoding dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase and the P. vivax multidrug resistance associated transporter, suggesting that resistance mutations have arisen independently. Additionally, several drug-resistance genes are located in genomic regions with evidence of increased copy number. Our data suggest that whole genome sequencing of malaria parasites from patients may provide more insight about the evolution of drug resistance than genetic linkage or association studies, especially in geographical regions with limited parasite genetic diversity.

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“…Further evidence for pvdhfs amplification as well as dhfr SNVs is suggestive of selective pressure from the past indiscriminate use of antifolates in the 1950s and 1960s. 4,5 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next-Generation Sequencing of Plasmodium vivax Patient Samples Shows Evidence of Direct Evolution in Drug-Resistance Genes

Flannery¹,

Wang²,

Akbari³

et al. 2015

ACS Infect. Dis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The other possibility may be related to a lack of preparation and/or neglect of health agents in fi lling out the epidemiological forms. However, we must consider that the occurrence of a malaria outbreak in this case could also be a consequence of the autochthonous transmission of P. vivax or relapses (old malaria profi le) (19) (25) and may not necessarily be related to recent introduction of the disease to this area. Furthermore, asymptomatic carriers of P. vivax could have some epidemiological importance as a source of infection for vectors (16) (19) , since they are able to maintain the parasite transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic sanitation, socioeconomic conditions, and degree of risk for the presence and maintenance of malaria in a low-transmission area in the Brazilian Amazon

Monteiro

Chaves

Matos

et al. 2015

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Its distinct characteristics, along with an incomplete understanding of this species' clinical and epidemiological consequences create even greater challenges for transmission control. There is an urgent need for innovative strategies, tools, and technologies to be developed and implemented by scientists and policy makers, especially in a scenario of rapid socioeconomic, political, and environmental changes 4,6. Herein, we aim to describe and discuss the dynamic landscape of malaria epidemiology in Brazil, focusing on the challenges for controlling P. vivax using both national and regional data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium vivax Landscape in Brazil: Scenario and Challenges

Siqueira¹,

Mesones-Lapouble²,

Marchesini³

et al. 2016

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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Brazil is the largest country of Latin America, with a considerable portion of its territoritory within the malaria-endemic Amazon region in the North. Furthermore, a considerable portion of its territory is located within the Amazon region in the north. As a result, Brazil has reported half of the total malaria cases in the Americas in the last four decades. Recent progress in malaria control has been accompanied by an increasing proportion of Plasmodium vivax, underscoring a need for a better understanding of management and control of this species and associated challenges. Among these challenges, the contribution of vivax malaria relapses, earlier production of gametocytes (compared with Plasmodium falciparum), inexistent methods to diagnose hypnozoite carriers, and decreasing efficacy of available antimalarials need to be addressed. Innovative tools, strategies, and technologies are needed to achieve further progress toward sustainable malaria elimination. Further difficulties also arise from dealing with the inherent socioeconomic and environmental particularities of the Amazon region and its dynamic changes.

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Plasmodium vivax malaria elimination: should innovative ideas from the past be revisited?

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Next-Generation Sequencing of Plasmodium vivax Patient Samples Shows Evidence of Direct Evolution in Drug-Resistance Genes

Next-Generation Sequencing of Plasmodium vivax Patient Samples Shows Evidence of Direct Evolution in Drug-Resistance Genes

Basic sanitation, socioeconomic conditions, and degree of risk for the presence and maintenance of malaria in a low-transmission area in the Brazilian Amazon

Plasmodium vivax Landscape in Brazil: Scenario and Challenges

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