Plasmodium vivax-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome after extended travel in Afghanistan

Maguire, Jason D.; Fenton, Michael E.; Susanti, Augustina I.; Walker, Jeffrey

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2007.04.001

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…10,11 Several dozen cases of ARDS caused by vivax malaria have been documented, including cases with PCR confirmation of diagnosis. 5,6 We found only three reports of histopathologic examination of fatal pulmonary complications allegedly caused by vivax malaria. Those cases were reported in the early 1900s and the diagnoses lacked PCR confirmation of P. vivax and exclusion of P. falciparum .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contemporary medical texts describe vivax malaria as rarely causing fatal complications. Recent case reports, [4][5][6] case series, 7,8 and hospital-based studies [9][10][11] challenge the notion of vivax malaria as rarely serious, complicated, or threatening to life. Among patients with vivax malaria having definitively ruled out infection by P. fal ciparum , there has been severe malarial anemia, cerebral malaria, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, sepsis, and shock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histopathology of Fatal Respiratory Distress Caused by Plasmodium vivax Malaria

Valecha¹,

Pinto²,

Turner³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. An otherwise healthy 20-year-old woman in Goa, India, received antibiotics after a diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infection. One week later, vivax malaria was diagnosed at a health center, but the patient developed respiratory distress and lost consciousness. She arrived at emergency department in shock, breathless, and comatose. She died within minutes. Two independent laboratories later confirmed Plasmodium vivax by microscopy (140,000/μL) and by nested and real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. Post-mortem examination showed congestion of alveolar capillaries by heavy monocytic infiltrates, along with diffuse damage to alveolar membranes consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Parasites seen in lung tissue were roughly proportionate to both peripheral hyperparasitemia and those seen in other organs without lesions. In this patient, vivax malaria caused a rapidly fatal respiratory distress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathology of Fatal Respiratory Distress Caused by Plasmodium vivax Malaria

Valecha¹,

Pinto²,

Turner³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Reports of vivax malaria marked by delirium, seizures, renal failure, shock, hepatic dysfunction, severe anemia, lung injury, pulmonary edema, and acute respiratory distress have come from South and Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and South America (23,24,36,108,120,122,128,131,139,140,146,149,150,160,170,181,182,193,206,208,215,216,222,225,228,240), including one case of Plasmodium ovale (182). Some of those reports (24,36,128,139,170,193,206,240) applied PCR diagnostics to rule out cryptic or misdiagnosed falciparum malaria infection of these patients, and some effectively ruled out other infectious agents. Another study reported bacteremia with Salmonella as being the primary cause of fever, shock, jaundice, and renal failure in a patient with concurrent vivax malaria (168).…”

Section: A Malignant Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Therapies for Infection by Plasmodium vivax

2009

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SUMMARY The gravity of the threat posed by vivax malaria to public health has been poorly appreciated. The widely held misperception of Plasmodium vivax as being relatively infrequent, benign, and easily treated explains its nearly complete neglect across the range of biological and clinical research. Recent evidence suggests a far higher and more-severe disease burden imposed by increasingly drug-resistant parasites. The two frontline therapies against vivax malaria, chloroquine and primaquine, may be failing. Despite 60 years of nearly continuous use of these drugs, their respective mechanisms of activity, resistance, and toxicity remain unknown. Although standardized means of assessing therapeutic efficacy against blood and liver stages have not been developed, this review examines the provisional in vivo, ex vivo, and animal model systems for doing so. The rationale, design, and interpretation of clinical trials of therapies for vivax malaria are discussed in the context of the nuance and ambiguity imposed by the hypnozoite. Fielding new drug therapies against real-world vivax malaria may require a reworking of the strategic framework of drug development, namely, the conception, testing, and evaluation of sets of drugs designed for the cure of both blood and liver asexual stages as well as the sexual blood stages within a single therapeutic regimen.

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“…Vivax malaria is also increasingly recognised to be an important cause of chronic and acute illness in endemic settings, causing chronic anaemia, respiratory syndromes and coma 61. Similarly, life-threatening complications of vivax malaria are being reported more often in returned travellers, including military personnel 62. These include acute respiratory distress syndrome, renal failure, severe hepatitis, coma and splenic rupture 63.…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria

Fletcher

Beeching

2013

J R Army Med Corps

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Malaria is a life-threatening disease, with its largest impact being due to Plasmodium falciparum infection in Africa. Military populations continue to be at a high risk of malaria and reported case series have frequently revealed poor compliance with preventative measures. The symptoms of malaria are non-specific and its management depends on awareness of the diagnosis and early recognition and treatment. This is aided by new and simple rapid diagnostic tests, but these should not replace the examination of blood films if these are available. Artemisinin combination therapy provides a more rapid and dependable cure of uncomplicated P falciparum infection, with artesunate now being the drug of choice in severe infection.

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Plasmodium vivax-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome after extended travel in Afghanistan

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Histopathology of Fatal Respiratory Distress Caused by Plasmodium vivax Malaria

Histopathology of Fatal Respiratory Distress Caused by Plasmodium vivax Malaria

Resistance to Therapies for Infection by Plasmodium vivax

Malaria

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