Plasmodium malariae in Israeli Travelers: A Nationwide Study

Yavne, Yarden; Leshem, Eyal; Paran, Yael; Nadir, Erez; Weinberger, Miriam; Stein, Michal; Petersiel, Neta; Yahav, Dafna; Grossman, Tamar; Schwartz, Eli

doi:10.1093/cid/cix560

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Despite the high attack rate in the present report, there were no cases of anemia or nephritis, which are the most serious clinical manifestation of P. malariae [7][8][9]. Although it has been reported that P. malariae may be intrinsically less susceptible to artemisinin than P. falciparum [11,12], all patients in the current outbreak responded to treatment indicating that the strain was not resistant to the anti-malarials used.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…Plasmodium malariae infection is often asymptomatic, rarely leads to severe clinical illness or death, and is typically associated with a low-grade chronic infection that can persist for extended periods of time, perhaps even decades [7,8]. The disease has been linked to nephropathy and anemia [9,10]. Although the distribution of P. malariae is rather patchy, it has been observed in all major malaria-endemic regions of the world, throughout tropical Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central and South America [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the distribution of P. malariae is rather patchy, it has been observed in all major malaria-endemic regions of the world, throughout tropical Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central and South America [9][10][11][12][13]. Although responsible for far fewer cases of clinical malaria than P. falciparum and P. vivax globally, it can cause long-term chronic infections and possesses the ability to recrudesce due to the persistence of subclinical parasitemia [9]. Of the malaria parasites that commonly infect humans, P. malariae remains relatively little studied, both at the biological and epidemiological levels [7,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High incidence of asymptomatic cases during an outbreak of Plasmodium malariae in a remote village of Malaysian Borneo

et al. 2021

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An outbreak of Plasmodium malariae occurred in Sonsogon Paliu village in the remote area of Ulu Bengkoka sub-district of Kota Marudu, Northern Sabah, Malaysian Borneo from July through August 2019. This was the first outbreak of malaria in this village since 2014. On 11th July 2019 the Kota Kinabalu Public Health Laboratory notified the Kota Marudu District Health Office of a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) positive case of P. malariae. This index case was a male from Sulawesi, Indonesia working for a logging company operating in Sonsogon Paliu. During the resulting outbreak, a total of 14 symptomatic cases were detected. All of these cases were positive by thick and thin blood smear examination, and also by PCR. During the outbreak, a mass blood survey screening was performed by light-microscopy and PCR. A total of 94 asymptomatic villagers 31 (33.0%) were PCR positive but thick and thin blood smear negative for P. malariae. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases received treatment at the district hospital. When symptomatic and asymptomatic cases were considered together, males (29/45. 64.5%) were infected more than females (16/45, 35.6%), the male:female ratio being 1.8:1. Adults were the predominant age group infected (22/45, 48.9%) followed by adolescents (19/45, 42.2%) and children under five years of age (4/45, 8.9%). This report illustrates that symptomatic and submicroscopic cases pose a challenge during P. malariae outbreaks and that PCR is a valuable tool for their identification. The rapid identification and control of imported malaria is crucial for the continued control of malaria in Malaysia.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High incidence of asymptomatic cases during an outbreak of Plasmodium malariae in a remote village of Malaysian Borneo

et al. 2021

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“…However, cases of imported malaria have been reported among returning travelers. One study reported 18 cases of P. malariae infection among Israeli travelers who had visited Africa from January 2008 to January 2017 [60]. A more recent study carried out at Chaim Sheba Medical Center in Tel Aviv reported that 145 malaria cases were detected among 722 patients hospitalized during 2004 to 2015.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Malaria In Israelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and the Epidemiology of Malaria in the Middle East Region and Beyond

2021

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Vector-borne parasitic infectious diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Malaria is one of the most common vector-borne parasitic infection and is caused by five Plasmodium species, namely P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi. Epidemiologically, differences in the patterns of malaria cases, causative agent, disease severity, antimicrobial resistance, and mortality exist across diverse geographical regions. The world witnessed 229 million malaria cases which resulted in 409,000 deaths in 2019 alone. Although malaria cases are reported from 87 countries globally, Africa bears the brunt of these infections and deaths as nearly 94% of total malaria cases and deaths occur in this continent, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the Middle East Region countries are malaria-free as no indigenous cases of infection have been described in recent years. However, imported cases of malaria continue to occur as some of these countries. Indeed, the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have large expatriate population originating from malaria endemic countries. In this review, the current status and epidemiology of malaria in the Middle East Region countries and other malaria-endemic countries that are home to a large migrant workforce being employed in Middle East Region countries are discussed.

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“…1–3 However, recent improvement in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique increased the identification of P. malariae that might have been misdiagnosed as fever of unknown origin. 3–5 Although there were reports of late onset and recrudescent fever despite adherent chemoprophylaxis, subsequent treatment has been paradoxically successful with the same medication. 3,5,6 Because of P. malariae ’s long senescent periods, recrudescent ability, and low parasite burden, clinicians must have high clinical suspicion and consider repeating LM when resource is limited or using PCR for diagnosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium malariae—Repeat Light Microscopy when Molecular Testing is Not Available

Zhang

Kronmann

Kavanaugh

2019

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Plasmodium malariae in Israeli Travelers: A Nationwide Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

High incidence of asymptomatic cases during an outbreak of Plasmodium malariae in a remote village of Malaysian Borneo

High incidence of asymptomatic cases during an outbreak of Plasmodium malariae in a remote village of Malaysian Borneo

Current Status and the Epidemiology of Malaria in the Middle East Region and Beyond

Plasmodium malariae—Repeat Light Microscopy when Molecular Testing is Not Available

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