Plasmodium falciparum Secretome in Erythrocyte and Beyond

Abstract

Plasmodium falciparum is the causative agent of deadly malaria disease. It is an intracellular eukaryote and completes its multi-stage life cycle spanning the two hosts viz, mosquito and human. In order to habituate within host environment, parasite conform several strategies to evade host immune responses such as surface antigen polymorphism or modulation of host immune system and it is mediated by secretion of proteins from parasite to the host erythrocyte and beyond, collectively known as, malaria secretome. In this review, we will discuss about the deployment of parasitic secretory protein in mechanism implicated for immune evasion, protein trafficking, providing virulence, changing permeability and cyto-adherence of infected erythrocyte. We will be covering the possibilities of developing malaria secretome as a drug/vaccine target. This gathered information will be worthwhile in depicting a well-organized picture for host-pathogen interplay during the malaria infection and may also provide some clues for the development of novel anti-malarial therapies.

Correlation of APRIL with production of inflammatory cytokines during acute malaria in the Brazilian Amazon

“…Regarding B‐cells, a number of observations clearly demonstrate that B‐cell homeostasis is affected by Plasmodium infection . This can be attributed to the complex biology of the parasites , their antigenic diversity , and their immune‐modulatory molecules . The BAFF/APRIL system plays a variety of roles in immunomodulation, mainly by affecting B cell activation, proliferation, and survival.…”

“…Plasmodium infection [17,18,44,45]. This can be attributed to the complex biology of the parasites [46,47], their antigenic diversity [46][47][48], and their immune-modulatory molecules [49,50]. The BAFF/APRIL system plays a variety of roles in immunomodulation, mainly by affecting B cell activation, proliferation, and survival.…”

A Comprehensive Subcellular Atlas of the Toxoplasma Proteome via hyperLOPIT Provides Spatial Context for Protein Functions

“…Parasite-secreted proteins also target and modify existing host compartments, such as the nucleus, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), cytoskeleton, and plasma membrane. In doing so, they often interfere with host control of defense and metabolism, cause reorganization of the host organelle positions and associations, change the mechanical properties of the host cell, and alter how infected cells interact with other host cells and tissues ( Davies et al., 2020 ; Hakimi et al., 2017 ; Pernas et al., 2014 ; Soni et al., 2016 ). This exquisite redefinition of host cells reflects hundreds of millions of years of co-evolution with their hosts and is orchestrated by the parasite-secreted effector molecules delivered from the unique invasion machinery of these parasites.…”

A subcellular atlas of Toxoplasma reveals the functional context of the proteome

“…Parasite-secreted proteins also target and modify existing host cell compartments, including the nucleus, mitochondrion, ER, cytoskeleton, and plasma membrane. In doing so, they interfere with host control of defense and metabolism, cause reorganization of the host organelle positions and associations, change the mechanical properties of the host cell, and alter how infected cells interact with other human cells and tissues (Hakimi et al, 2017;Pernas et al, 2014;Soni et al, 2016). This exquisite redefinition of host cells reflects 100s of millions of years of co-evolution with their hosts and is orchestrated by the parasite secreted effector molecules delivered from the unique invasion machinery and compartments of these parasites.…”