Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Clinical and Parasitological Outcomes after In-vivo Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL) Treatment at Bushenyi District Uganda

Maniga, Josephat Nyabayo; Aliero, Adamu Almustapha; Ntulume, Ibrahim; Okech, Matilda A.; Mack, Mugasa Claire

doi:10.9734/ijtdh/2018/39642

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…According to the WWARN K13 Genotype-Phenotype Study Group, 10 molecular results need to be compared with either in vivo or in vitro therapeutic efficacy studies (TES). Although in vitro studies were not conducted from samples isolated from this study site, a previous in vivo study 38 from the same study area reported reoccurrence of P. falciparum , 3 days and other subsequent days after treatment with ACTs, thus recommending further molecular surveillance for resistance genes circulating in the area. Moreover, other in vivo studies reported in Uganda showed occurrence of malaria parasites despite the absence of resistant molecular markers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Limited Polymorphism in Plasmodium falciparum Artemisinin Resistance Kelch13-Propeller Gene Among Clinical Isolates from Bushenyi District, Uganda

Maniga¹,

Akinola²,

Odoki³

et al. 2021

IDR

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Introduction Drug resistance remains a major challenge in malaria treatment, especially after the emergence of resistance to artemisinin-based combined therapies. Plasmodium falciparum Kelch13 gene mutations are implicated in conferring artemisinin resistance. Thus, this study was aimed at determining the occurrence of Kelch13 ( K13 ) propeller resistance gene polymorphism mutations in Bushenyi district, Uganda. Methods Participants suspected to have malaria were recruited. P. falciparum was confirmed using antigen histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) (Pf) (Access Bio, Inc, USA) and microscopy. Malaria-positive patients were treated with artemeter-lumefantrine (AL). Blood was withdrawn from participants who tested positive for parasites after day 3 and kept in blood filter papers (ET31CHR; Whatman Limited, Kent, UK). DNA was extracted using chelex-suspension method. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted and the second-round products sequenced using Sanger’s method. Sequenced products were analyzed using DNAsp 5.10.01 software and then blasted on to the NCBI for K13 -propeller gene sequence identity using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). Results Out of 283 enrolled participants, 194 completed the follow-up schedule. A total of 134 (69%) had no parasites on day 3, while 60 (31%) had parasites on that day. Out of the 60 samples, 40 (62%) were positively amplified as P. falciparum , with polymorphisms in the K13 -propeller gene detected in 3 (7.5%) out of the 40 amplicons. Polymorphisms at codon 1929, 1788 and 1801 were detected separately in one sample each. Sequences have been deposited in NCBI with accession numbers PRJNA720348 and PRJNA720800. Conclusion Polymorphisms in the K13 -propeller gene previously reported to be associated with artemisinin resistance were not detected in the P. falciparum isolates from Bushenyi district, Uganda. More studies need to be conducted on the new mutations detected so as to understand their association, if any, with ACT resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Limited Polymorphism in Plasmodium falciparum Artemisinin Resistance Kelch13-Propeller Gene Among Clinical Isolates from Bushenyi District, Uganda

Maniga¹,

Akinola²,

Odoki³

et al. 2021

IDR

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“…Infectious diarrhea remains a major public health concern worldwide (Walker et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2015;GBD, 2016). It kills more than 2,000 children every day, more than AIDS, malaria, and measles (Liu et al, 2015;Chingwaru and Vidmar, 2018;Lemos et al, 2018;Maniga et al, 2018). Multiple pathogens including viruses, bacteria (Blander et al, 2017), fungi (Liguori et al, 2015;Hallen-Adams and Suhr, 2017), and protists (Lanata et al, 2013;Blander et al, 2017) are responsible for diarrhea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildlife Is a Potential Source of Human Infections of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in Southeastern China

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Wildlife is known to be a source of high-impact pathogens affecting people. However, the distribution, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Giardia duodenalis in wildlife are poorly understood. Here, we conducted the first molecular epidemiological investigation of these three pathogens in wildlife in Zhejiang and Shanghai, China. Genomic DNAs were derived from 182 individual fecal samples from wildlife and then subjected to a nested polymerase chain reaction–based sequencing approach for detection and characterization. Altogether, 3 (1.6%), 21 (11.5%), and 48 (26.4%) specimens tested positive for Cryptosporidium species, E. bieneusi, and G. duodenalis, respectively. Sequence analyses revealed five known (BEB6, D, MJ13, SC02, and type IV) and two novel (designated SH_ch1 and SH_deer1) genotypes of E. bieneusi. Phylogenetically, novel E. bieneusi genotype SH_deer1 fell into group 6, and the other genotypes were assigned to group 1 with zoonotic potential. Three novel Cryptosporidium genotypes (Cryptosporidium avian genotype V-like and C. galli-like 1 and 2) were identified, C. galli-like 1 and 2 formed a clade that was distinct from Cryptosporidium species. The genetic distinctiveness of these two novel genotypes suggests that they represent a new species of Cryptosporidium. Zoonotic assemblage A (n = 36) and host-adapted assemblages C (n = 1) and E (n = 7) of G. duodenalis were characterized. The overall results suggest that wildlife act as host reservoirs carrying zoonotic E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis, potentially enabling transmission from wildlife to humans and other animals.

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“…Slides were considered negative if after examination of thick smears, there was no parasite detected in 100 high power fields. For thin smears, they were fixed in methanol solution [7].…”

Section: Laboratory Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, such studies have not evaluated the possible risk factors influencing the treatment outcomes. This study forms part of a broader study in the same area having used the same study participants who reported poor responses to ACTs [7], despite lacking sufficient resistant molecular markers in circulation [7]. Uganda has not developed a standard health operating protocols to be followed by malaria patients after undergoing treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Plasmodium falciparum Recurrence in Artemether Lumefantrine Treated Population from Bushenyi District, Uganda

Maniga

Wilberforce²,

Aziz³

et al. 2022

JAMMR

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Background: Malaria remains a major Public health problem. In 2019, it was reported that Uganda accounts for 5 % of the total global cases of malaria related deaths after Nigeria and Democratic Republic of Congo.Various risk factors may be responsible for poor treatment outcomes. Thus the main aim of this study was to evaluate the Risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum recurrence in Artemether-lumefantrine treated population from Bushenyi district, Uganda. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected health centers of Bushenyi district, Uganda by using questionnaire, direct observations and laboratory based studies. Data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 23 windows) for descriptive statistics. Logistic regression analysis was done to evaluate the association between Plasmodium falciparum recurrence and associated risk factors. Results: Statistically independent predictor risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum recurrence at p<0.05 were; Previous Diagnosis used before the current artemether lumefantrine (AL) treatment (OR=11.864; 95% CI: 1.477-95.280; p=0.020), Sleeping with animals (OR=0.193; 95% CI: 0.075-0.894; P=00.032), Age (OR=1.435; 95% CI: 0.0825-0.975; p=0.040), Travelling outside the study area (OR=2.324; 95% CI: 0.050-0.699; p= 0.012), Weight (OR =1.543; 95% CI: 0.085-0.987; p= 0.002), Gametocytes on day 0 (OR =0.284; 95% CI: 0.0625-0.735; p= 0.032)9 Conclusions: Monitoring of transmission potentiality after Artemisinin combined therapies (ACTs) treatment is vital in the fight against malaria infection.

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Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Clinical and Parasitological Outcomes after In-vivo Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL) Treatment at Bushenyi District Uganda

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Limited Polymorphism in Plasmodium falciparum Artemisinin Resistance Kelch13-Propeller Gene Among Clinical Isolates from Bushenyi District, Uganda

Limited Polymorphism in Plasmodium falciparum Artemisinin Resistance Kelch13-Propeller Gene Among Clinical Isolates from Bushenyi District, Uganda

Wildlife Is a Potential Source of Human Infections of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in Southeastern China

Risk Factors for Plasmodium falciparum Recurrence in Artemether Lumefantrine Treated Population from Bushenyi District, Uganda

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