Plasmodiophorids: The Challenge to Understand Soil-Borne, Obligate Biotrophs with a Multiphasic Life Cycle

Neuhauser, Sigrid; Bulman, Simon; Kirchmair, Martín

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-05042-8_3

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Other common features are biflagellate zoospores, multinucleate protoplasts (plasmodia) and long-lasting resting spores [ 3 ]. Plasmodiophorids are parasites of flowering plants, brown algae, diatoms and oomycetes [ 4 , 5 ]. Some plasmodiophorids cause additional damage to their host by serving as vectors for viruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The compact genome of the plant pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae is adapted to intracellular interactions with host Brassica spp

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe protist Plasmodiophora brassicae is a soil-borne pathogen of cruciferous species and the causal agent of clubroot disease of Brassicas including agriculturally important crops such as canola/rapeseed (Brassica napus). P. brassicae has remained an enigmatic plant pathogen and is a rare example of an obligate biotroph that resides entirely inside the host plant cell. The pathogen is the cause of severe yield losses and can render infested fields unsuitable for Brassica crop growth due to the persistence of resting spores in the soil for up to 20 years.ResultsTo provide insight into the biology of the pathogen and its interaction with its primary host B. napus, we produced a draft genome of P. brassicae pathotypes 3 and 6 (Pb3 and Pb6) that differ in their host range. Pb3 is highly virulent on B. napus (but also infects other Brassica species) while Pb6 infects only vegetable Brassica crops. Both the Pb3 and Pb6 genomes are highly compact, each with a total size of 24.2 Mb, and contain less than 2 % repetitive DNA. Clustering of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of Pb3, Pb6 and three additional re-sequenced pathotypes (Pb2, Pb5 and Pb8) shows a high degree of correlation of cluster grouping with host range. The Pb3 genome features significant reduction of intergenic space with multiple examples of overlapping untranslated regions (UTRs). Dependency on the host for essential nutrients is evident from the loss of genes for the biosynthesis of thiamine and some amino acids and the presence of a wide range of transport proteins, including some unique to P. brassicae. The annotated genes of Pb3 include those with a potential role in the regulation of the plant growth hormones cytokinin and auxin. The expression profile of Pb3 genes, including putative effectors, during infection and their potential role in manipulation of host defence is discussed.ConclusionThe P. brassicae genome sequence reveals a compact genome, a dependency of the pathogen on its host for some essential nutrients and a potential role in the regulation of host plant cytokinin and auxin. Genome annotation supported by RNA sequencing reveals significant reduction in intergenic space which, in addition to low repeat content, has likely contributed to the P. brassicae compact genome.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2597-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The compact genome of the plant pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae is adapted to intracellular interactions with host Brassica spp

et al. 2016

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“…Polymyxa betae and Polymyxa graminis belong to the Plasmodiophorida, a protist order which includes obligate root endoparasites of plants (1, 2). Although Polymyxa sp.…”

Section: Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Draft Genome Sequence of a Polymyxa Genus Member, Polymyxa betae, the Protist Vector of Rhizomania

Decroës

Całusińska

Delfosse

et al. 2019

Microbiol Resour Announc

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“…bicaudata, Pl. halophile and Tetramyxa parasitica cause galls on seagrasses, and, in the case of T. parasitica, also other estuarine plants (Bulman and Braselton, 2014;Neuhauser et al, 2010). Spongospora nasturtii causes crook root on watercress and transmits the Watercress yellow spot virus (Walsh et al, 1989), impacting watercress cultivation.…”

Section: Other Phytomyxeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Not in your usual Top 10: protists that infect plants and algae

Schwelm

Badstöber

Bulman

et al. 2017

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Plasmodiophorids: The Challenge to Understand Soil-Borne, Obligate Biotrophs with a Multiphasic Life Cycle

Cited by 30 publications

References 77 publications

The compact genome of the plant pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae is adapted to intracellular interactions with host Brassica spp

The compact genome of the plant pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae is adapted to intracellular interactions with host Brassica spp

First Draft Genome Sequence of a Polymyxa Genus Member, Polymyxa betae, the Protist Vector of Rhizomania

Not in your usual Top 10: protists that infect plants and algae

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