Plasmodesmata density in vascular bundles in leaves of C4 grasses grown at different light conditions in respect to photosynthesis and photosynthate export efficiency

Sowiński, Paweł; Bilska, Anna; Baranska, K.; Fronk, Jan; Kobus, Paweł

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.03.002

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, it appears that this method has limited use in calculations of PD density in vascular plants, given the requirement for a random distribution of PD (Gunning, 1978). In most vascular plants, PD are clustered in pitfields, as found in our study, which makes estimates of PD density at the M-BS interface calculated using this method unreliable (Sowiński et al, 2003(Sowiński et al, , 2007. Plasmodesmograms provide semiquantitative data on symplastic connectivity between cells, based on PD that can be detected using TEM and yield values in relative units (Botha and Evert, 1988;Botha, 1992;Botha and van Bel, 1992).…”

Section: Comparison With Traditional Methods For Quantification Of Plmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Metabolite Pathway between Bundle Sheath and Mesophyll: Quantification of Plasmodesmata in Leaves of C₃ and C₄ Monocots

et al. 2016

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C 4 photosynthesis is characterized by a CO 2 -concentrating mechanism between mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) cells of leaves. This generates high metabolic fluxes between these cells, through interconnecting plasmodesmata (PD). Quantification of these symplastic fluxes for modeling studies requires accurate quantification of PD, which has proven difficult using transmission electron microscopy. Our new quantitative technique combines scanning electron microscopy and 3D immunolocalization in intact leaf tissues to compare PD density on cell interfaces in leaves of C 3 (rice [Oryza sativa] and wheat [Triticum aestivum]) and C 4 (maize [Zea mays] and Setaria viridis) monocot species. Scanning electron microscopy quantification of PD density revealed that C 4 species had approximately twice the number of PD per pitfield area compared with their C 3 counterparts. 3D immunolocalization of callose at pitfields using confocal microscopy showed that pitfield area per M-BS interface area was 5 times greater in C 4 species. Thus, the two C 4 species had up to nine times more PD per M-BS interface area (S. viridis, 9.3 PD mm 22 ; maize, 7.5 PD mm 22 ; rice 1.0 PD mm 22 ; wheat, 2.6 PD mm 22 ). Using these anatomical data and measured photosynthetic rates in these C 4 species, we have now calculated symplastic C 4 acid flux per PD across the M-BS interface. These quantitative data are essential for modeling studies and gene discovery strategies needed to introduce aspects of C 4 photosynthesis to C 3 crops.

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Section: Comparison With Traditional Methods For Quantification Of Plmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Metabolite Pathway between Bundle Sheath and Mesophyll: Quantification of Plasmodesmata in Leaves of C₃ and C₄ Monocots

et al. 2016

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“…Only a few recent studies dealt with structural analysis of PD-networks by TEM (Imaichi and Hiratsuka 2007;Sowiński et al 2007). An elegant novel approach for structural PD-research using low-temperature scanningelectron microscopy of fractured surfaces was recently presented (Faulkner et al 2008).…”

Section: Comments On the Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of plasmodesmal connectivity in successive interfaces of the cambial zone

Ehlers

Bel

2009

Planta

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Frequency, density and branching of plasmodesmata were counted in successive tangential and transverse walls in the cambial zone of tomato stems in order to examine development of the plasmodesmal network in a chronological order. Coincident with progress of cell development, plasmodesmal connectivity increased, both at the xylem- and phloem-side. In transverse walls, the number of secondary plasmodesmata enhanced considerably. The same held for tangential walls, with a superimposed plasmodesmal doubling during the first phase of phloem development. This plasmodesmal doubling was interpreted to result from the deposition of wall material between branched plasmodesmal strands. Structural plasmodesmal development was correlated with production of hydroxyl radicals which control local cell wall alterations. Successive phases of plasmodesmal deployment and modification were distinguished which may coincide with differential functional capacities as documented by intracellular injection of fluorochromes. Diffusion-driven symplasmic transport appeared to be transiently interrupted during cell maturation.

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“…One report suggested that PD transport can increase when starvation is induced by detaching a leaf and transferring it to complete darkness (Liarzi and Epel, 2005), but whether PD transport was impacted by light signaling or starvation stresses in this experimental system was not resolved. An ultrastructural study of several C4 grass species found that PD frequency in the cell wall increases when seedlings are grown under higher light intensities (Sowi nski et al, 2007). Here, we combine genetic and physiological approaches to show that PD transport is dynamically regulated by light and the circadian clock throughout the diurnal cycle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Plant Cell-Cell Transport via Plasmodesmata Is Regulated by Light and the Circadian Clock

Brunkard

Zambryski

2019

Plant Physiol.

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Plasmodesmata (PD) are essential for plant development, but little is known about their regulation. Several studies have linked PD transport to chloroplast-centered signaling networks, but the physiological significance of this connection remains unclear. Here, we show that PD transport is strongly regulated by light and the circadian clock. Light promotes PD transport during the day, but light is not sufficient to increase rates of PD transport at night, suggesting a circadian gating mechanism. Silencing expression of the core circadian clock gene, LHY/CCA1, allows light to strongly promote PD transport during subjective night, confirming that the canonical plant circadian clock controls the PD transport light response. We conclude that PD transport is dynamically regulated during the day/night cycle. Due to the many roles of PD in plant biology, this discovery has strong implications for plant development, physiology, and pathogenesis.

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Plasmodesmata density in vascular bundles in leaves of C4 grasses grown at different light conditions in respect to photosynthesis and photosynthate export efficiency

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

The Metabolite Pathway between Bundle Sheath and Mesophyll: Quantification of Plasmodesmata in Leaves of C₃ and C₄ Monocots

The Metabolite Pathway between Bundle Sheath and Mesophyll: Quantification of Plasmodesmata in Leaves of C₃ and C₄ Monocots

Dynamics of plasmodesmal connectivity in successive interfaces of the cambial zone

Plant Cell-Cell Transport via Plasmodesmata Is Regulated by Light and the Circadian Clock

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Plasmodesmata density in vascular bundles in leaves of C4 grasses grown at different light conditions in respect to photosynthesis and photosynthate export efficiency

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

The Metabolite Pathway between Bundle Sheath and Mesophyll: Quantification of Plasmodesmata in Leaves of C3 and C4 Monocots

The Metabolite Pathway between Bundle Sheath and Mesophyll: Quantification of Plasmodesmata in Leaves of C3 and C4 Monocots

Dynamics of plasmodesmal connectivity in successive interfaces of the cambial zone

Plant Cell-Cell Transport via Plasmodesmata Is Regulated by Light and the Circadian Clock

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The Metabolite Pathway between Bundle Sheath and Mesophyll: Quantification of Plasmodesmata in Leaves of C₃ and C₄ Monocots

The Metabolite Pathway between Bundle Sheath and Mesophyll: Quantification of Plasmodesmata in Leaves of C₃ and C₄ Monocots