Plasmids and prophages in Baltic Sea bacterioplankton isolates

Leitet, Cecilia; Riemann, Lasse; Hagström, Åke

doi:10.1017/s0025315406013488

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Nevertheless, in the deep subsurface, these processes can be expected to be very slow as the turnover times of prokaryotic communities were estimated to be several years for sediments from ODP Leg 201 (Schippers et al, 2005;Biddle et al, 2006). Temperate rhizobiophages in subseafloor sediments T Engelhardt et al Lysogeny appears to be characteristic for the deep subsurface Previous studies addressing lysogeny in marine habitats mainly focused on pelagic environments (Weinbauer and Suttle, 1996;Cochran et al, 1998;Jiang and Paul, 1998;Leitet et al, 2006;De Corte et al, 2012). The lysogenic fraction is often shown to be rather low (Wilcox and Fuhrman, 1994;Weinbauer and Suttle, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography of Rhizobium radiobacter and distribution of associated temperate phages in deep subseafloor sediments

et al. 2012

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Bacteriophages might be the main 'predators' in the marine deep subsurface and probably have a major impact on indigenous microbial communities. To identify their function within this habitat, we have determined their abundance and distribution along the sediment columns of two continental margin and two open ocean sites that were recovered during Leg 201 of the Ocean Drilling Program. For all investigated sites, viral abundance followed the total cell numbers with a virus-to-cell ratio between 1 and 10 in the upper 100 mbsf (meters below seafloor). An increasing ratio of about 20 in deeper layers indicated an ongoing viral production in up to 11 Ma old sediments. We have used Rhizobium radiobacter as the most frequently isolated organism from the deep subsurface with a high in situ abundance to identify the frequency of associated rhizobiophages. In this study, 16S rRNA gene copies of R. radiobacter accounted for up to 5.6% of total bacterial 16S rRNA genes (average: 0.75%) as detected by quantitative PCR. A distinctive distribution was identified for R. radiobacter as indicated by a site-specific arrangement of genetically similar populations. Whole genome information of rhizobiophage RR1-A was used to generate a primer system for quantitative PCR specifically targeting the prophage antirepressor gene, indicative for temperate phages. The quantification of this gene within various sediment horizons showed a contribution of temperate phages of up to 14.3% to the total viral abundance. Thus, the high amount of temperate phages within the sediments and among all investigated isolates indicates that lysogeny is the main viral proliferation mode in deep subsurface populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography of Rhizobium radiobacter and distribution of associated temperate phages in deep subseafloor sediments

et al. 2012

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“…Furthermore, by the final sampling time point, some unknown and undistinguishable fraction of the population is resistant to infection, or at least lysis. As lysogeny is hypothesized to be prevalent in marine bacteria in general (Stopar et al, 2004;Leitet et al, 2006;Paul, 2008) and in roseobacters in particular (Chen et al, 2006;Zhao et al, 2010), the complexity of this infection process may, in fact, be reflective of events that are common in nature.…”

Section: Ecological Implications and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage infection of an environmentally relevant marine bacterium alters host metabolism and lysate composition

Ankrah

May²,

Middleton³

et al. 2013

The ISME Journal

129

126

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Viruses contribute to the mortality of marine microbes, consequentially altering biological species composition and system biogeochemistry. Although it is well established that host cells provide metabolic resources for virus replication, the extent to which infection reshapes host metabolism at a global level and the effect of this alteration on the cellular material released following viral lysis is less understood. To address this knowledge gap, the growth dynamics, metabolism and extracellular lysate of roseophage-infected Sulfitobacter sp. 2047 was studied using a variety of techniques, including liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics. Quantitative estimates of the total amount of carbon and nitrogen sequestered into particulate biomass indicate that phage infection redirects B75% of nutrients into virions. Intracellular concentrations for 82 metabolites were measured at seven time points over the infection cycle. By the end of this period, 71% of the detected metabolites were significantly elevated in infected populations, and stable isotope-based flux measurements showed that these cells had elevated metabolic activity. In contrast to simple hypothetical models that assume that extracellular compounds increase because of lysis, a profile of metabolites from infected cultures showed that 470% of the 56 quantified compounds had decreased concentrations in the lysate relative to uninfected controls, suggesting that these small, labile nutrients were being utilized by surviving cells. These results indicate that virus-infected cells are physiologically distinct from their uninfected counterparts, which has implications for microbial community ecology and biogeochemistry.

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“…Lysogenic bacteria constitute a large fraction of microbial communities (Miller and Day, 2008) and a number of observations suggest that they are often multiply infected (Leitet et al, 2006;Williamson et al, 2008). Bacteria are susceptible to many phages, which can integrate into the same host genome if they use different insertion sites (Campbell, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-host competition determines reproductive success of temperate bacteriophages

Refardt

2011

The ISME Journal

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Within-host competition between parasites is frequently invoked as a major force for parasite evolution, yet quantitative studies on its extent in an organismal group are lacking. Temperate bacteriophages are diverse and abundant parasites of bacteria, distinguished by their ability to enter a facultative dormant state in their host. Bacteria can accumulate multiple phages that may eventually abandon dormancy in response to host stress. Host resources are then converted into phage particles, whose release requires cell death. To study within-host competition between phages, I used the bacterium Escherichia coli and 11 lambdoid phages to construct single and double lysogens. Lysogenic bacterial cultures were then induced and time to host cell lysis and productivity of phages was measured. In double lysogens, this revealed strong competitive interactions as in all cases productivity of at least one phage declined. The outcome of within-host competition was often asymmetrical, and phages were found to vary hierarchically in within-host competitive ability. In double infections, the phage with the shorter lysis time determined the timing of cell lysis, which was associated with a competitive advantage when time differences were large. The results emphasize that within-host competition greatly affects phage fitness and that multiple infections should be considered an integral part of bacteriophage ecology.

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Plasmids and prophages in Baltic Sea bacterioplankton isolates

Cited by 27 publications

References 59 publications

Biogeography of Rhizobium radiobacter and distribution of associated temperate phages in deep subseafloor sediments

Biogeography of Rhizobium radiobacter and distribution of associated temperate phages in deep subseafloor sediments

Phage infection of an environmentally relevant marine bacterium alters host metabolism and lysate composition

Within-host competition determines reproductive success of temperate bacteriophages

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