Plasmid Profile and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacteria from Abattoirs in Port Harcourt City, Nigeria

2019

JAMPS

Antimicrobial drug resistance has become prominent as a universal health threat. This has been studied not only in humans but food animals as well. Many genes located on the chromosomal DNA of bacteria have been linked with drug resistance. It is therefore crucial that its occurrence in abattoirs where these animals are slaughtered be studied. This study was thus aimed at identifying some resistance genes in microbes isolated from abattoir ecologies. One hundred and eighty (180) samples consisting of service water, waste blood, wastewater, soil and faecal matter collected from Iwofe, Rumuodumaya and Trans-Amadi abattoirs within a period of one year were used in this study. Processing of the samples was done using standard microbiological protocols and the antibiotics sensitivity profile of the isolated bacteria determined using popularly consumed antibiotics. The presence of Beta-lactamase genes was checked for in the multidrug resistant isolates after they had been identified using molecular biological technique. Two strains of Escherichia coli had the blaCTX-M gene, Pseudomonas sp. strain 6174 had the blaSHV and blaTEM genes, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens had the blaSHV gene, Bacillus flexus had the blaTEM genes, Staphylococcus aureus had blaSHV and blaTEM genes. blaSHV, blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes were found in most of the Gram negative bacteria as Klebsiella sp. strain EIKU11 showed prominence of all three β-lactamase genes. This brings to light that some microbes in abattoir environments possess the β-lactamase genes which enable these microorganisms exhibit multidrug resistance, thereby making treatment resulting from them difficult. Adequate sanitary measures should thus be carried out to reduce the spread of these organisms to humans.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistant Genes of Microbes Associated with Abattoir Wastes

Azuonwu

2019

JAMPS

“…The presence of plasmid in Bacteria especially enteric organisms has been reported by other researchers in Nigeria [36] The presence of plasmid DNA in all the isolates implies that the resistance to commonly used antibiotics by this bacteria may be plasmid-mediated and also they serve as reservoirs for resistance plasmids that may be transferred to otherwise susceptible bacteria making them resistant, thus increasing the ocurrence of antibiotic resistance among microorganism. This in agreement with the finding of Ogbonna and Azuonwu [36].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Genomic Characterization and Plasmid Profile of Listeria and Salmonella Species Isolated from Oreochromis niloticus Sold in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Odu

Daminabo

2021

IJPR

Fish are generally regarded as safe, nutritious and beneficial but aquaculture products have sometimes been associated with certain food safety issues. Consumption of fish may also cause diseases due to infection or intoxication, Hence, the aim of this study is to characterize using genomic analysis and plasmid profile of Listeria and Salmonella species isolated from Oreochromis niloticus sold in Port Harcourt. A total of one hundred and eighty samples (180) were collected from three different markets namely; Creek road, Mile one and Rumuokoro markets over a period of six months. The samples were labelled and transported in an ice packed coolers to the laboratory for analyses. Standard analytical protocols were employed to determine the bacteriological characteristics of the various parts such as Intestine, Gill, flesh of the sample. Statistical analyses were carried out using ANOVA and All pairs tukey-kramer. Results obtained from the study showed that the total heterotrophic bacteria count ranged from 5.1 to 5.9 x10 x106cfu/g across the markets for the flesh part, 6.0 to 7.7 x106 cfu/g (Gill) and 7.1 to 7.6 x106 cfu/g for the intestinal samples. Total coliform count ranged from 4.2 to 5.4 x104cfu/g (flesh), 5.2 to 5.4 x104 cfu/g ((Gill) and 6.1 to 8.0 x104 cfu/g (Intestine). Listeria count range from 2.7 to 2.9 x104 cfu/g (Fresh), 3.3 to 3.7 cfu/g (Gill)), and 3.8 to 4.3 cfu/g (Intestine), and Salmonella count ranged from 1.0 x103 - 1 .1 x103 cfu/g (Flesh) 1.0 to 1.6 x103 cfu/g (Gill) and 1.2 to 2.0 x103 cfu/g (intestine). This results shows that the intestines harbours more bacterial load than the gill and flesh. Mean values for all the microbial counts were significantly different (P<0.05) in the three samples across the sampled markets The result of the conventional and genomics identification confirms the following species of Listeria and Salmonella: L. grayi VD-Sfg with accession number MW020239 having a closest gene bank match with Listeria grayi CIP 100% identified, L. monocytogenes VD-Sfg with accession number MW020240 closest to L. monocytogenes NCTC 10357 with 99.73% identified, L. seeligeri VD-SFF accession number MW020241 closet to L. seeligeri ATCC 35967 with 98.95%, L. welshimeri VD-SF MW020242 closest to L. welshimeri ATCC 35897 with 99.9%, L. monocytogenes VD-Fg MW020243 closet to L. monocytogenes NCTC 10357 eith 99.73% identity, S. bongori VD-SwfiA MW020245 closest to S. bongori NCTC 12419 and S. enterica VD-SwfiD MW20244 closest with S. entrica LT2 both with 100% identity. Gel electrophoresis of the plasmid DNA showed that all the isolates possess plasmid. This finding is of public health concern as these organisms are the known causes of food-borne diseases and also serve as reservoirs for resistance plasmids that may be transferred to otherwise susceptible bacteria making them resistant, thus increasing the occurrence of antibiotic resistance among microorganisms.

“…Feacal Coliform counts was enumerated as described by Prescott et al [14]. Bacterial Colonies that appeared on the Erosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar plates which were inoculated in duplicate with an aliquot of 0.1ml from 10 -2 dilutions and incubated 45.2 C for 24 hours, were counted and the mean expressed as cfu/ml for the samples [15]. While discrete colonies on the nutrient agar plates that were inoculated with an aliquot of 0.1ml from the direct samples were sub cultured on freshly prepared nutrient agar plate in order to isolate pure cultures.…”

Section: Feacal Coliform Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Port Activities on the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Surface Water in Warri and Onne Port Terminals, Nigeria

Ngah

Egobueze

2021

JALSI

Activities around the port terminals such as cargo handling, and others has environmental implications both inside and outside the port area which may in turn pose severe risks to the environment and water resources resulting to adverse effect on the physicochemical and microbiological quality of the water body. Hence this study was aimed at determination of the effect of port activities on the physicochemical and microbiological quality of surface water at Warri and Onne Port terminals. Surface water samples were collected during wet and dried season between January to June from Onne and Warri port terminals, using sterile containers and transported in an ice packed container to Department of Microbiology laboratory of the Rivers State University for microbiological and physicochemical analyse using standard methods. Statistical analyses were carried out using ANOVA and All pairs tukey-kramer. Results of the Physicochemical Characteristics of the surface water of the dry season ranged as follows; pH (5.6±0.15 to 6.08±0.22),Temperature (27.6±4.278 to 30±1ºC), Electric conductivity (14168±1.90to 2138±27.871 µs/cm), Total dissolved solid (2622±1.70 to 974.2±9.09 mg/l ),Total suspended solid (7.6±0.54 to 111±21.284 mg/l), Dissolved oxygen (2.08±0.19 to 2.68±0.31 mg/l ), Biological oxygen demand (0.78±0.19 to 1.2±0.45 mg/l ), Chemical oxygen demand (1.56±0.38 to 2.4±0.90 mg/l),Turbidity (0.2±0 to 1.36±0.336 NTU),Bromine (0.3±0.01 to 0.6±0 mg/l), Chlorine (<0.001±0 to 0.3±0 mg/l),Nitrate (0.32±0.15 to 5.98±0.74 mg/l ), Sulphate (3.32±0.75 to 694±1.9 mg/l) Phosphate (0.634±0.42 to 2.316±0.44 mg/l ), similar trends were recorded during the wet season. There were significant differences ( P<0.05) between the wet and dry seasons. The mean values of the microbiological results ranged from 1.6±0.77 x 106 to 5.6±2.17 x 106 cfu/ml (Total heterotrophic bacterial count), 0.8 ±2.51 x 104 to 5.6±2.77 x 104 cfu/ml (Total heterotrophic Fungal count), 0.2 ±1.14 x 104 to 3.6 ±1.52 cfu/ml (Hydrocarbon utilizing Bacteria counts) 0.3 ±1.52 x 104 to 1.2 ±2.05cfu/ml (Hydrocarbon utilizing Fungal counts), 0.2±0.71x 104 to 0.6±0.89 x 104cfu/ml (Salmonella spp.). 0.4±0.55 x 104 cfu/ml (Shigella spp), 0.3 ±2.19 x 104 to 1.6±5.13 x 104 cfu/ml (Vibrio spp.) 1.6 ±14.7 x 104 to 2.1±6.39 x 104 cfu/ml Staphylococci spp), 3.9±0.81 x 104 to 4.6 ±1.79 x 104cfu/ml (total coliform), 1.8±0.44 x 104 to 2.7 ±1.03 x 104cfu/ml (feacal coliform). Higher counts were recorded during the wet season compared to dry season. In this study, nine bacteria isolates belonging to the genera and species:- E.coli, Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Bacillus sp., Shigella, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, and Proteus, Six fungal isolates, namely, Penicillium sp Candida sp, Mucor sp, Aspergillus, Rhizopus spp, and Yeast were obtained. The results obtained in this study Port terminal houses several companies with beehive of activities which generate various industrial wastes which causes adverse environmental effects which consequently are major atmospheric and water pollution around port terminals. Therefore, proper waste management system should be maintained to avoid emergence of virulent pathogens.