Plasmid-mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Salmonella typhi from Patients Attending Selected General Hospitals in Abuja Municipal, Nigeria

Abstract

<jats:p>This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile and presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in Salmonella typhi from patients attending selected general hospitals in Abuja municipal, Nigeria. Four hundred stool samples from patients with suspected typhoid fever were collected from Asokoro General Hospital Abuja (AGH), Garki Hospital Abuja (GHA), Maitama General Hospital Abuja (MGHA) and Wuse General Hospital Abuja (WGHA) and S. typhi was isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was carried out using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method. Molecular detection of PMQR genes in the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The overall occurrence of the isolates was 13.3% (53/400), with the highest hospital-related occurrence at WGHA (18.0%). The occurrence was highest at age 21-30yrs in AGHA (20.0%), GHA (33.3%) and WGHA (45.0%). The occurrence was higher in females at AGHA (12.7%) and GHA (16.0%); but higher in males at MGHA (11.4%) and WGHA (18.2%). Resistance to ciprofloxacin was the least at 30.2%, distributed as follows: AGHA (20.0%), GHA (35.7%), MGHA (36.4%) and WGHA (27.8%). The most common resistance phenotype was: NA-S-XT-AMC-TE-CRO-C-CN with overall occurrence of 9.4% (5/53) observed in AGH (10.0%), GHA (16.7%) and MGHA (18.2%) but not in WGHA. All (100%) isolates were multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) isolates, with MAR indices above 0.2; and the commonest MAR index of 0.6 (30.0%) in AGHA, 0.8 (35.7%) in GHA; 0.8 (45.6%) in MGHA, and was 0.7 (38.9%) in WGHA. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was the commonest at 96.2% (51/53), with occurrences in the selected hospitals as follows: AGHA (90.0%), GHA (100.0%) and MGHA (100.0%) and WGHA (94.4%).The PMQR genes detected had overall frequency in the order: aac(6′)-Ib-cr (50.0%) &gt;qnrB (37.5%) &gt;qnrS (18.8%); qnrS was absent in AGHA and WGHA. The genes co-existed with one another with the qnrB+ aac(6′)-Ib-cr combination, present in isolates from all the hospitals, being the most common at (31.3%). Ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic against the isolates; most isolates were MAR with prior exposure to antibiotics; most isolates were MDR and the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolatesharbored qnrS, qnrB and aac(6′)-Ib-cr PMQR genes, with aac(6′)-Ib-cr being the most prevalent.</jats:p>

Detection of Plasmid-mediated qnr Genes among the Quinolone Resistant Salmonella typhi from Patients Attending University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria

“…The high resistance of the isolates to antibiotics such as cefotaxime, imipenem, and ceftriaxone/ Sulbactam as observed in this study was not surprising and may be due to abuse of the antibiotics. The high resistance of the isolates to imipenem, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone/ Sulbactam (all 100.0%) was similar to findings from a study in Abuja by Fasema et al [22]. Furthermore, the low resistance of the isolates to antibiotics including Ofloxacin (46.2%), and levofloxacin (46.2%) is higher than findings by Dong et al [23], but lower than reports from a study in Iraq and Iran [24,25].…”

Molecular Characterization of Plasmid-mediated Quinolone Resistant Salmonella typhi From Patients Attending Federal Medical Center, Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria

“…The high resistance of the isolates from selected Tertiary hospitals to antibiotics such as Amoxicillin/Clavulanate, Cefotaxime, Imipenem, nalidixic acid and Cefuroxime as observed in the study was not surprising and may be due to misuse and abuse of the antibiotics. The high resistance of the isolates to Amoxicillin/Clavulanate and nalidixic acid was lesser than (100.0%) and (100.0%) reported by Fasema et al in Abuja [31].…”