Plasmid Borne Antibiotic Resistance Factors in Indigenous Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Humans in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

Ahmed, Basharat; Azhar, Muhammad Hamza; Shakoori, Farah Rauf; Shakoori, Abdul Rauf

doi:10.17582/journal.pjz/20210301085607

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Outbreaks of infectious disease in various regions of the world may be explored using plasmid profile analysis, because plasmid profiles contribute to recognizing the infectious source, distinctive strains, or evaluating the efficacy of preventive actions. S. flexneri has many plasmids (varying in size from 125 to 251 kbp) containing pathogenic genes (Ahmed et al 2009;Nisa et al 2020b). To date, several large-sized plasmids have been sequenced and characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel plasmids in multidrug-resistant Shigella flexneri serotypes from Pakistan

et al. 2023

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Shigellosis is the main cause of food and waterborne diarrhea and is an emerging threat to human health. The current study characterized the indigenous multidrug-resistant Shigella flexneri serotypes for their plasmid profiles and genetic diversity, to characterize the plasmid evolutionary patterns and distribution. In total, 199 identified S. flexneri isolates belonging to six different serotypes were analyzed for plasmid profiling, followed by an analysis of whole genome sequencing. All isolates of S. flexneri resistant to antibiotics harbored multiple copies of plasmids with sizes ranging from 1.25 kbp to 9.4 kbp. These isolates were clustered into 22 distinct plasmid patterns, labeled as p1-p22. Among these, p1 (24%) and p10 (13%) were the predominant plasmid profiles. All S. flexneri strains were grouped into 12 clades with a 75% similarity level. Also, a significant association was observed among the plasmid patterns, p23 and p17 with the drug-resistant patterns AMC, SXT, C (19.5%) and OFX, AMC, NA, CIP (13.5%), respectively. Moreover, the most widespread plasmid patterns p4, p10, and p1 showed a significant association with the serotypes 1b (29.16%), 2b (36%), and 7a (100%), respectively. After plasmid sequence assembly and annotation analysis, a variety of small plasmids that vary in size from 973 to 6200 bp were discovered. Many of these plasmids displayed high homology and coverage with plasmids from non-S. flexneri. Several novel plasmids of small size were discovered in multidrug-resistant S. flexneri. The data also showed that plasmid profile analysis is more consistent than antibiotic susceptibility pattern analysis for identifying epidemic strains of S. flexneri isolated in Pakistan.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%