Plasmacytoid Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder That Manifests Disseminated Carcinomatosis of the Bone Marrow: A Case Report of Extremely Rapid Progression

Abstract

Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) of the bladder is a rare variant of invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) with aggressive behavior. Despite its prognosis being poorer than that of conventional UC, a median overall survival of approximately 2 years is ensured when it is treated with radical cystectomy (RC), and few patients die within a few months of RC. In this paper, we report the case of a patient with PUC who developed widespread bone metastasis only 6 weeks after RC, which resulted in death within 2 months postoperatively.

Differentiation Between Disseminated Carcinomatosis of the Bone Marrow From Urothelial Cancer and Intravascular Large B-cell Lymphoma: A Case Report

“…The diagnosis of disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow from urothelial cancer in our patient underscores the diverse presentation of cancer, particularly the rare occurrence of cancer cells disseminating to the bone marrow from a primary urothelial carcinoma [ 16 ]. Soluble interleukin 2 receptor can increase highly in some cases in aggressive urothelial cancers [ 6 , 16 ].…”

“…The diagnosis of disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow from urothelial cancer in our patient underscores the diverse presentation of cancer, particularly the rare occurrence of cancer cells disseminating to the bone marrow from a primary urothelial carcinoma [ 16 ]. Soluble interleukin 2 receptor can increase highly in some cases in aggressive urothelial cancers [ 6 , 16 ]. Such cases highlight the need for high clinical suspicion and systematic investigation in patients presenting with unexplained systemic inflammation in primary care settings and general medicine [ 17 ].…”

“…Such cases highlight the need for high clinical suspicion and systematic investigation in patients presenting with unexplained systemic inflammation in primary care settings and general medicine [ 17 ]. A previous study on the rarity of bone marrow metastases in urothelial carcinoma emphasizes the importance of considering metastatic disease in the differential diagnosis of systemic symptoms, particularly in older patients or those with atypical presentations, underscoring the need for a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and management [ 16 ]. Cancers can develop anywhere in human bodies and metastases in any way, so general physicians should systematically investigate human bodies with inflammation of unknown origins even if there are no suspected regions in imaging tests [ 17 ].…”

Clinicopathological Features of Plasmacytoid Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…To the best of our knowledge, a study performed on 49 cases showed the positivity for cytokeratin, CD138, GATA3 and uroplakin II and negativity for e-cadherin. Loss of cell adhesion due to lack of E-cadherin is reported in many studies [17,18]. This is related with a higher disease grade and stage and can be explained by a loss of cadherin-1 (CDH1) mutation or hypermetilation of the promoter region [18,16].…”

An autopsy case of disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow from esophageal adenocarcinoma

“…Diffuse invasion of the bone marrow by tumor cells often results in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndrome and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. DCBM occurs in several tumors, including cancers of the stomach, 1 breast, 2 colon and rectum, 3 prostate, 4 tongue, 5 head and neck, 6 hepatocellular carcinoma, 7 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, 8 duodenal, 9 pancreatic, 10 bladder, 11 uterine cervical, 12 and anal canal 13 carcinomas. In a follow‐up study of 2235 curatively resected gastric adenocarcinomas, there were four cases (0.2%) with matching DCBM 14 .…”