Plasma α-Oxoaldehyde Levels in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Methylglyoxal Activates Nociceptors through Transient Receptor Potential Channel A1 (TRPA1)

“…MG is mainly derived from triose phosphates of glycolysis (2) and can be measured in plasma of healthy subjects at concentrations of 200 -500 nM (6). A minor source of MG is acetone from ketone bodies (51) and aminoacetone metabolism (52), which indicates enhanced production upon lipid peroxidation as well as upon excessive lipid and protein catabolism.…”

“…In addition, experimental diabetes models suggest a down-regulation of the MG detoxifying glyoxalase 1 system, leading to a further rise of MG levels (4). In diabetic patients, increased MG plasma levels exceeding 800 nM have been measured (5,6), implying that considerably higher concentrations should be present intracellularly. The exaggerated glycolytic metabolism resulting from hyperglycemia is known to activate and sensitize primary nociceptive neurons (7)(8)(9).…”

“…The exaggerated glycolytic metabolism resulting from hyperglycemia is known to activate and sensitize primary nociceptive neurons (7)(8)(9). Painful neuropathy also occurs in patients suffering from chronic renal failure that also involves elevated plasma levels of MG (6,10). In this pathological condition, "carbonyl stress" such as by MG has been considered to be responsible for many concomitant complications (11).…”

Carbonated soft drinks and carbonyl stress burden

“…After centrifugation of blood, plasma was aspiratassayed by derivatization with o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) and electrospray ionization liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (ESI/LC/MS) of the resulting quinoxalines, as reported previously (Nakayama et al, 2008). To -ditions of LC/MS.…”

“…Moreover, carbonyl stress caused by the accumulation of reactive carbonyl compounds is also associated with hypertension, diabetic complications and uremic states, and carbonyl stress plays a pathological role in these diseases Beisswenger et al, 2003;Miyata et al, 2001;Nakayama et al, 2008). Therefore, whether the intake of carbonated soft drinks affects the carbonyl stress burden is of clinical importance.…”