Plasma zinc concentration responds to short-term zinc supplementation, but not zinc fortification, in young children in Senegal

Lo, Nafissatou Ba; Aaron, Grant J; Hess, Sonja Y.; Idohou-Dossou, Nicole; Guiro, Amadou Tidiane; Brown, Kenneth H.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.012278

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Similar findings have been described by Lo et al [41] who found that plasma zinc concentration increased in children who received daily zinc supplementation for but not in those who received zinc with complementary foods suggesting the role of inhibitors in absorption.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Impact of vitamin A with zinc supplementation on malaria morbidity in Ghana

Owusu‐Agyei

Newton

Mahama

et al. 2013

Nutr J

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BackgroundMalaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young children and is estimated to cause at least 1 million deaths each year especially among pregnant women and young children under the age of five years. Vitamin A supplementation is known to reduce morbidity and mortality in young children. Zinc is required for growth and immunity and we sought to replicate the study by Zeba et al. which showed 30% lower cases of clinical malaria in children on a combination of zinc and a large dose of vitamin A compared with children on vitamin A alone based on the hypothesis that combined vitamin A and zinc reduced symptomatic malaria compared to vitamin A alone.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to determine the effect of vitamin A alone vs. vitamin A and zinc supplements on the incidence of clinical malaria and other anthropometric indices. It also sought to assess the effects on the incidence of anaemia, diarrhoea and pneumonia.MethodsThe study was community-based and 200 children between the ages of 6–24 months were randomised to receive either vitamin A (100,000 IU for infants less than 12 months & 200,000 IU for children greater than 12 months and 10 mg daily zinc in the intervention group or vitamin A and zinc placebo for 6 months in the control group.ResultsThe number of children who were diagnosed with uncomplicated malaria in the intervention group was 27% significantly lower compared with the children in the control group (p = 0.03). There were, however, no effects on severe malaria, pneumonia, anaemia and diarrhea.ConclusionsOur study confirms a significant role of vitamin A and zinc in reducing malaria morbidity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Impact of vitamin A with zinc supplementation on malaria morbidity in Ghana

Owusu‐Agyei

Newton

Mahama

et al. 2013

Nutr J

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“…In total, we identified 24 studies [48,57,70,71,73,74,75,76,77,79,82,85,87,88,89,90,91,93,97,98,99,100,101,102,103], with 33 comparisons, meeting our inclusion criteria and reporting on the impact of zinc on diarrhea, respiratory infections and fever. Twenty-one studies were individually randomized and three studies cluster randomized trials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 16 studies [48,57,70,75,82,85,87,88,91,97,99,100,102,103,104,105] reporting on fever and/or respiratory infections, only 3 [82,91,104] found a positive effect of zinc intake. Out of the 24 studies investigating the effect of zinc on diarrhea, 11 studies [48,57,70,74,75,76,79,85,87,88,99] found no effect at all. Ten [71,73,89,90,91,93,97,100,101,102] reported a positive effect of zinc use on the prevalence and or incidence of diarrhea.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We found 23 studies [36,43,48,59,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88], with 35 comparisons, 14 of them comparing zinc alone to placebo, 17 of them comparing zinc in combination with iron to iron only and four of them comparing zinc and other micronutrients to other micronutrients. Sub-group analyses showed that if iron was part of the intervention, the effect of zinc on serum/plasma zinc concentrations was considerably lower (1.02 µmol/L, 95% CI 0.28, 1.76), compared to interventions delivering zinc alone (3.04 µmol/L, 95% CI 1.16, 4.92) and to interventions delivering zinc and other micronutrients, excluding iron (2.77 µmol/L, 95% CI 0.13, 5.42; Figure 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Low Dose Iron and Zinc Intake on Child Micronutrient Status and Development during the First 1000 Days of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Petry¹,

Olofin²,

Boy

et al. 2016

Nutrients

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Adequate supply of micronutrients during the first 1000 days is essential for normal development and healthy life. We aimed to investigate if interventions administering dietary doses up to the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of iron and zinc within the window from conception to age 2 years have the potential to influence nutritional status and development of children. To address this objective, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and quasi-randomized fortification, biofortification, and supplementation trials in women (pregnant and lactating) and children (6–23 months) delivering iron or zinc in doses up to the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) levels was conducted. Supplying iron or zinc during pregnancy had no effects on birth outcomes. There were limited or no data on the effects of iron/zinc during pregnancy and lactation on child iron/zinc status, growth, morbidity, and psychomotor and mental development. Delivering up to 15 mg iron/day during infancy increased mean hemoglobin by 4 g/L (p < 0.001) and mean serum ferritin concentration by 17.6 µg/L (p < 0.001) and reduced the risk for anemia by 41% (p < 0.001), iron deficiency by 78% (ID; p < 0.001) and iron deficiency anemia by 80% (IDA; p < 0.001), but had no effect on growth or psychomotor development. Providing up to 10 mg of additional zinc during infancy increased plasma zinc concentration by 2.03 µmol/L (p < 0.001) and reduced the risk of zinc deficiency by 47% (p < 0.001). Further, we observed positive effects on child weight for age z-score (WAZ) (p < 0.05), weight for height z-score (WHZ) (p < 0.05), but not on height for age z-score (HAZ) or the risk for stunting, wasting, and underweight. There are no studies covering the full 1000 days window and the effects of iron and zinc delivered during pregnancy and lactation on child outcomes are ambiguous, but low dose daily iron and zinc use during 6–23 months of age has a positive effect on child iron and zinc status.

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“…The lack of change in plasma zinc concentrations with ASFs may be because the additional absorbed zinc was deposited in tissues rather than remaining in circulation (38). Others have reported that 3.5 mg Zn/d provided as a fortified porridge had no impact on the plasma zinc status in children, but an aqueous supplement of 3 mg Zn/d given without food increased plasma zinc (39).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

An Animal-Source Food Supplement Increases Micronutrient Intakes and Iron Status among Reproductive-Age Women in Rural Vietnam

Hall

Ngu

Nga

et al. 2017

The Journal of Nutrition

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Few studies have examined the impact of local animal-source foods (ASFs) on the nutritional status of reproductive-age women in developing countries. We hypothesized that a midmorning snack of local ASF for 6 mo would reduce dietary micronutrient deficiencies [usual intake less than the estimated average requirement (EAR)] and improve blood biomarkers of iron, zinc, and vitamins A and B-12 status among nonpregnant, reproductive-age women in rural Vietnam. One hundred seventeen women, 18-30 y old, were randomly assigned to receive either an ASF (mean: 144 kcal, 8.9 mg Fe, 2.7 mg Zn, 1050 μg retinoic acid equivalent vitamin A, and 5.5 μg vitamin B-12) or a control snack (mean: 150 kcal, 2.0 mg Fe, 0.9 mg Zn, 0 μg retinoic acid equivalent vitamin A, and 0 μg vitamin B-12) 5 d/wk for 6 mo. Usual nutrient intakes were estimated by repeated 24-h dietary recalls. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 3 and 6 mo. Because of the relation between nutritional status and inflammation, serum C-reactive protein, α-1-acid-glycoprotein, and urinary tract infections (UTIs) were also monitored. Eighty-nine women (47 in the ASF group and 42 controls) completed the study. In the ASF group, intakes of iron and vitamins A and B-12 below the EAR were eliminated, and the prevalence of a low zinc intake was reduced to 9.6% compared with 64.7% in controls ( < 0.001). At 6 mo, a modest increase ( < 0.05) in hemoglobin and iron status occurred in the ASF group compared with the control group, but plasma zinc, retinol, and serum vitamin B-12 concentrations did not differ. UTI relative risk was 3.9 ( < 0.05) among women assigned to the ASF group who had a low whole-body iron status at baseline. Adding a small amount of locally produced ASF to the diets of reproductive-age Vietnamese women improved micronutrient intakes and iron status. However, the increased UTI incidence in women in the ASF group with initially lower iron stores warrants further investigation.

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Plasma zinc concentration responds to short-term zinc supplementation, but not zinc fortification, in young children in Senegal

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

Impact of vitamin A with zinc supplementation on malaria morbidity in Ghana

Impact of vitamin A with zinc supplementation on malaria morbidity in Ghana

The Effect of Low Dose Iron and Zinc Intake on Child Micronutrient Status and Development during the First 1000 Days of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

An Animal-Source Food Supplement Increases Micronutrient Intakes and Iron Status among Reproductive-Age Women in Rural Vietnam

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