Plasma triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol as predictors of ischaemic heart disease in British men: The Caerphilly and Speedwell Collaborative Heart Disease Studies

Bainton, David; Miller, N E; Bolton, Christopher; Yarnell, John; Sweetnam, P. M.; Baker, Ian; Lewis, Barry; Elwood, Peter Creighton

doi:10.1136/hrt.68.7.60

Cited by 192 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Different of negative results obtained in another work with water extract of M. alba leaves (Soares et al, 2005). Recent studies suggest that TG itself is independently related to coronary heart disease and most of the antihyperlipidemic drugs do not decrease TG levels (Bainton et al, 1992;ElHazmi & Warsy, 2001 The body weight increased significantly in all studied Groups, II, III and IV, respectively, 12.63%, 20.90% and 27.38% (Data not shown). Administration of aqueous Mulberry leaves decreased the plasma GPT 38.86% but increased 7.02% GOT levels in treated rats (Table 2) but not significantly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Hypotriglyceridemic effect of Morus alba L., Moraceae, leaves in hyperlipidemic rats

Zeni¹,

Dall'Molin²

2010

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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RESUMO: "Efeito hipotrigliceridêmico de folhas de Morus alba L., Moraceae, em ratos hiperlipidêmicos". As folhas de amoreira branca Morus alba L., Moraceae, são utilizadas no Brasil na medicina popular para tratar febre, como protetor do fígado, para baixar a pressão e o colesterol. O extrato aquoso de folhas de M. alba foi administrado via oral através de gavagem em ratos hiperlipidêmicos com uma dieta enriquecida com colesterol (1%) com uma dose de 150 mg/kg/dia por quatorze dias que reduziu significativamente em 55,01% o nível de triglicerídios plasmáticos. Desta forma, o tratamento diminuiu o nível de triglicerídios e uma enzima hepática testada, demonstrando que extratos de Morus alba que tem sido popularmente utilizados possuem um grande potencial para se tornar um fitomedicamento. Unitermos: Morus alba, ratos hiperlipidêmicos, triglicerídios.ABSTRACT: Mulberry Morus alba L., Moraceae, leaves are used in Brazil medicines against fever, to protect the liver, to lower the blood pressure and cholesterol. The aqueous extract of leaves of M. alba given by oral route to hyperlipidemic rats with diet enriched by cholesterol (1% by weight) with dose of 150 mg/kg/day for forteen days reduced significantly by 55,01% the plasma triglycerides level. Therefore, the treatment not only decreased the plasma level of triglycerides but also affected a hepatic enzyme tested supportting the fact that the extracts of Morus alba that have been used by folk medicine have a great potential to be further developed into a phytomedicine.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Hypotriglyceridemic effect of Morus alba L., Moraceae, leaves in hyperlipidemic rats

Zeni¹,

Dall'Molin²

2010

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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“…28 Men aged 49 to 65 years living in Caerphilly (South Wales), randomly selected from the electoral register, were invited to participate between 1984 and 1988. A detailed medical, lifestyle, and family history was obtained, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine chest pain questionnaire 29 was administered, a 12-lead ECG was recorded, and full anthropometric details and fasting blood samples were obtained.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 40 controls from Manchester, serum PON1 activity at the time samples was taken, and 6 years after storage at Ϫ80°C was also not significantly different (170.6 U/L [68.2 to 360.4] and 165.9 U/L [56.6 to 320.9], respectively). Similar comparisons of PON1 and apoJ concentration also revealed no significant differences (results not shown).The occurrence of a coronary event was monitored over an average of 15 years as described 28 and was defined as fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction or the appearance of major or moderate Q waves (Minnesota codes 1-1-any, 1-2-1 to 1-2-5, or 1-2-7) on any follow-up ECG where there were no Q waves (1-1-any, 1-2-any, 1-3-any) on the recruitment ECG. Preexisting CHD was defined as a history of severe chest pain, a positive history of angina on the chest pain questionnaire, or ischemic changes on the ECG as defined previously.…”

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confidence: 96%

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Low Paraoxonase Activity Predicts Coronary Events in the Caerphilly Prospective Study

et al. 2003

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Background-The hypothesis that paraoxonase (PON1) has a role in preventing atherosclerosis is based on experimental, transgenic, and case-control studies but has not previously been tested prospectively. Methods and Results-The Caerphilly Prospective Study is a cohort study of men aged 49 to 65 years observed for coronary heart disease (CHD) events (fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction) over a mean period of 15 years. Serum PON1 activity toward paraoxon was measured in 1353 participants. PON1 activity was 20% lower in the 163 men who had a coronary event (Pϭ0.039). Men in the highest quintile of PON1 activity had a decreased risk compared with those in the lowest quintile (OR 0.57 [95% CI, 0.33 to 0.96] Key Words: myocardial infarction Ⅲ lipoproteins Ⅲ coronary disease Ⅲ antioxidants P araoxonase (EC.3.1.8.1, aryldialkylphosphatase) (PON1) has been extensively studied in the field of toxicology because it hydrolyses organophosphate compounds, used as insecticides and nerve gases. 1,2 PON1 is synthesized in the liver and in serum is located on HDL. The serum HDL concentration is inversely correlated with atherosclerosis risk. 3 The mechanism for this continues to be the subject of considerable debate. The initial focus of attention was on the role of HDL in reverse-cholesterol transport. However, recent studies have suggested more diverse mechanisms. HDL protects against oxidative modification of LDL, 4 -6 which is believed to be central to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. 7 The antioxidant activity of HDL relates to its enzymes, primarily PON1, but also LCAT, 8 and these can prevent lipid-peroxide accumulation on LDL both in vitro and in vivo. 9 -14 PON1 activity is partly genetically determined. An amino acid substitution at position 192 (Q3 R) gives rise to 2 allozymes, 15,16 the relative activities of which are substrate dependent. Substrates, such as paraoxon and fenitroxon, are hydrolyzed faster by the R alloenzyme, whereas other substrates, such as phenyl acetate, are hydrolyzed at the same rate by both alloenzymes, and yet others, such as diazoxon and the nerve gases soman and sarin, are hydrolyzed more rapidly by the Q alloenzyme. 17 The Q alloenzyme in vitro provides greater protection against the accumulation of lipid peroxides on LDL than the R alloenzyme. 18,19 A second exonic polymorphism of the PON1 gene occurs at amino acid position 55 (L3 M). This polymorphism also affects PON1 activity, although less than that of the 192 polymorphism. 20 There have been many case-control studies to test the hypothesis that the 192R allele of the PON1 gene is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). 21 A recent metaanalysis of these found that the PON1-192R allele was significantly related to the presence of CHD, but there was evidence of publication bias. 22 Furthermore, genetic casecontrol studies fail to test the hypothesis that serum PON1 activity protects against CHD, because the 192 polymorphism accounts for only a small part of the 40-fold individual variation in serum PON1 act...

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“…On the other hand, treatment with CcB bark extract significantly reduced blood triglyceride levels in diabetic rats, and did not have effect on blood triglycerides in non-diabetic rats. Other studies suggest that TG itself is independently related to coronary heart disease (2,6) , and most of the anti-hypercholesterolemic drugs do not decrease TG levels (13) , but CcB extract treatment returned the triglycerides to control values. This suggests that CcB bark extract has a hypolipidemic activity, and could be used to reverse dyslipidemia associated with diabetes and to prevent the cardiovascular complications that are very prevalent in diabetic patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Hepatics alterations and genotoxic effects of Croton cajucara Benth (SACACA) in diabetic rats

Rodrigues

Marcolin

Bona

et al. 2010

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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-Context -Croton cajucara Benth is a plant found in Amazonia, Brazil and the bark and leaf infusions of this plant have been popularly used to treat diabetes and hepatic disorders. Objectives -This study investigated effects hepatics alterations and genotoxic and antidiabetic effect of Croton cajucara Benth bark extracts treatment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods -Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control rats; control rats treated with Croton cajucara Benth extract during 5 and 20 days; diabetic rats, and diabetic rats treated with Croton cajucara Benth during 5 and 20 days. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg). Eight weeks later we measured glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and hepatic transaminases on blood. The bone marrow micronucleus assay was used to assess the genotoxic activity of Croton cajucara Benth.Results -Treatment with aqueous extrat of Croton cajucara was able to significantly reduce levels of triglycerides in diabetic animals, however, did not modify significantly the levels of glucose and cholesterol in these animals. There was no significant elevation in liver transaminases in the control group treated with Croton cajucara Benth, as there was no genotoxic effect of treatment in this model. Our results did not show a significant effect on glucose and cholesterol reduction, the treatment was able to significantly reduce triclycerides plasmatic level. There was no significant alterations on hepatic transferase in the animals from the control group treated with Croton cajucara Benth. It was observed no genotoxic effect of the treatment in the model studied. Conclusion -In this study Croton cajucara bark extract showed absence of hepatotoxicity in this animal model and presented a hypolipidemic activity, and could be used to reverse dyslipidemia associated with diabetes and to prevent the cardiovascular complications that are very prevalent in diabetic patients. HEADINGS -Drug-induced liver injury. Diabetes mellitus. Croton, toxicity. Rats.

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Plasma triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol as predictors of ischaemic heart disease in British men: The Caerphilly and Speedwell Collaborative Heart Disease Studies

Cited by 192 publications

References 19 publications

Hypotriglyceridemic effect of Morus alba L., Moraceae, leaves in hyperlipidemic rats

Hypotriglyceridemic effect of Morus alba L., Moraceae, leaves in hyperlipidemic rats

Low Paraoxonase Activity Predicts Coronary Events in the Caerphilly Prospective Study

Hepatics alterations and genotoxic effects of Croton cajucara Benth (SACACA) in diabetic rats

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