Plasma Testosterone Levels in Healthy Male Marijuana Smokers

Cushman, Paul

doi:10.3109/00952997509002740

Cited by 41 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The effect of marijuana smoking has no significant effect on gonadotropin or testosterone levels (187). Excessive alcohol consumption has toxic effects on hepatocytes and leads to hypothalamic dysfunction associated with lower testosterone levels.…”

Section: Influence Of Recreational Drugs On Testosterone Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone levels in healthy men and the relation to behavioural and physical characteristics: facts and constructs

Zitzmann¹,

Nieschlag²

2001

Eur J Endocrinol

206

122

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This review summarises the correlations between testosterone levels and male physical appearance and behaviour. Methodological shortcomings concerning the measurement of testosterone could limit the value of these findings. In addition, testosterone measured in body fluids represents only one step in the cascade of action from production to biological effect, and could therefore provide only a limited view of the complexity of physiological events. Testosterone levels are influenced by conditions that are partly controlled or initiated by the hormone itself, but also by circumstances beyond hormonal or individual control. Different kinds of behaviour are not only subject to influence by environment, but also androgens can reinforce the particular kind of conduct and the behavioural impact can wield negative or positive feedback on testosterone secretion. Therefore, both generalisation and individualisation of study results will lead to doubtful conclusions and prejudices. Results of such studies must be viewed with caution, and over-simplification as well as over-interpretation should be avoided.

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Section: Influence Of Recreational Drugs On Testosterone Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone levels in healthy men and the relation to behavioural and physical characteristics: facts and constructs

Zitzmann¹,

Nieschlag²

2001

Eur J Endocrinol

206

122

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“…Marijuana use has been reported to lead to a decrease in sperm density and motility as well as to an increase in the number of sperm with abnormal morphology [20,38,56,73]. However, controversy exists as to the etiology of the spermatogenic dysfunction.…”

Section: Marijuanamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, controversy exists as to the etiology of the spermatogenic dysfunction. Some investigators have found decreased testosterone and gonadotropin levels in association with marijuana use [56], whereas others have observed normal gonadotropin levels in marijuana users [20,38]. Although the etiology is unclear, marijuana causes spermatogenic dysfunction and its use is a preventable cause of male infertility.…”

Section: Marijuanamentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventable causes of male infertility

Thompson

1993

World J Urol

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The initial evaluation of the infertile man includes a diligent search for testicular factors, gonadotoxins, and coital factors so as to identify existing causes of impaired fertility and to prevent further dimunition in fertility. There are also prophylactic measures in the treatment of all men that can prevent future infertility, such as prompt correction of cryptorchidism, testicular torsion, genital infection, and adolescent varicocele and proper precautions to limit occupational, medical, and recreational gonadotoxins.

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“…The proposed mechanism is endocannabinoid signaling via receptors in the hypothalamus inhibiting GABA release, which in turn diminishes GnRH release with consequently lower LH levels (Farkas et al, 2010). However, others have failed to replicate these findings (Cushman, 1975;Wall et al, 1978). The earliest studies from the 1970s found that chronic cannabis consumption significantly lowered plasma testosterone levels in a dosedependent fashion (Kolodny et al, 1974).…”

Section: Cannabis and The Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between cannabis and male infertility, sexual health, and neoplasm: a systematic review

et al. 2019

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Background: In the United States of America (USA), cannabis is legal in 28 states for medical purposes and 8 states for recreational use. In 2016, the legal marijuana industry reached nearly $7 billion in sales in the USA alone. Although consumption continues to increase, the medical effects of marijuana remain understudied. Young males comprise the demographic most likely to consume cannabis, and these individuals will be most vulnerable to its short-and long-term consequences. Objective: The purpose of this manuscript is to systematically review the available literature describing the effects of marijuana on male infertility, sexual health, and urologic neoplasms. Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Medline and Embase databases through May 2017. In vitro models, animal models, case series, case-control, and cohort designs were included. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement was utilized to report results. Results: After exclusions, 91 articles were synthesized for qualitative analysis. Of these manuscripts, 30 pertained to marijuana and male infertility, 36 discussed cannabis and male sexual health/hormones, and 25 explored the relationship between marijuana and urologic neoplasms. Discussion: With respect to male factor fertility using semen parameters as a surrogate, cannabinoids likely play an inhibitory role. Data on marijuana and male sexual function are mixed but suggest that marijuana may enhance the subjective experience of sexual intercourse while potentially contributing to ED in a dose-dependent manner. Cannabis has been associated with both increased and decreased risk of malignancy depending upon the target organ. Marijuana exposure seems to be an independent risk factor for testis cancer, data on bladder cancer are conflicting, and the evidence on prostate cancer supports anti-neoplastic effects of cannabinoids. Conclusion: Studies of the effects of cannabis suggest impact on urologic health and disease. Prospective, long-term studies are necessary for further elucidation of these effects.

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Plasma Testosterone Levels in Healthy Male Marijuana Smokers

Cited by 41 publications

References 14 publications

Testosterone levels in healthy men and the relation to behavioural and physical characteristics: facts and constructs

Testosterone levels in healthy men and the relation to behavioural and physical characteristics: facts and constructs

Preventable causes of male infertility

The relationship between cannabis and male infertility, sexual health, and neoplasm: a systematic review

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