Plasma Synthesis of Graphene from Mango Peel

Abstract

The excess of mango peels is considered manufacturing waste in the sugar and juice industry. There is an increasing interest in looking for alternative ways to employ this waste to address this overload. Here, we show the efficient use of mango peels as a noncost carbon source for the synthesis of graphene. We demonstrate for the first time the synthesis of graphene on Cu substrates from mango peels, a biomass rich in pectin. It is observed that plasma presence is essential for the growth of graphene from mango peels. At 15 and 30 min of plasma exposure, we observed the presence of multilayered graphene, at longer plasma exposure, i.e., 60 min, there is the formation of monolayer graphene, attributed to the etching of multiple layers formed at short times due to long plasma exposure time. When employing this technique, precautions must be taken due to the etching effect of plasma, such as reducing either the plasma exposure time or the plasma power. Finally, we present a graphene growth pathway under plasma environment on the basis of our experimental observations.

Biomass Feedstock of Waste Mango-Peel-Derived Porous Hard Carbon for Sustainable High-Performance Lithium-Ion Energy Storage Devices

“…Furthermore, mango peel is a pectin-rich biomass containing cellulose, hemicellulose, lipids, protein, and enzymes. 15,16 Mango peel is efficiently converted into various value-added products, such as pectin extraction, 17 lactic acid production, 18 bioethanol production, 19 fluorescent carbon dots, 20 and graphene. 16 In this study, porous hard carbon was synthesized from mango-peel biowaste via a facile carbonization route.…”

“…15,16 Mango peel is efficiently converted into various value-added products, such as pectin extraction, 17 lactic acid production, 18 bioethanol production, 19 fluorescent carbon dots, 20 and graphene. 16 In this study, porous hard carbon was synthesized from mango-peel biowaste via a facile carbonization route. The thermal behaviors of mango peels and carbon derived from mango peels were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).…”

Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Few-Layer Multifunctional Graphene from Sustainable Precursors by Controlled Pyrolysis, Understanding of the Graphitization Pathway, and Its Potential Application in Polymer Nanocomposites

“… 13 Sustainable biological sources have gained even more interest for the purpose of graphene synthesis also. Use of novel biological sources like tea tree plant extract 14 and mango peel 15 has been reported.…”

“…13 Sustainable biological sources have gained even more interest for the purpose of graphene synthesis also. Use of novel biological sources like tea tree plant extract 14 and mango peel 15 has been reported. Alongside these complicated attempts to reach the nanoscale, scientists have also traversed through the classical chemical routes involving high-temperature molecular rearrangements resulting in the formation of nanomaterials from the molecular level.…”

Biomass‐Derived Graphene‐Based Nanocomposites: A Futuristic Material for Biomedical Applications

“…Using this method, Shah et al, prepared graphene from mango peels. Plasma enhanced CVD has the advantages of ultrafast deposition of graphene at low temperature and reduced process time, compared to conventional CVD [17] …”