Plasma sanitization of cherry belle radish seeds for Space agricultural applications

Abstract

As human innovation continuously expands the knowledge base for life beyond Earth, the need for self-sufficient spacecraft is essential. With that, space crop production facilities are ever expanding for research and development. A current area of key interest is seed sanitation before transport from ground to the International Space Station (ISS). Sanitation practices are performed to mitigate any potential biohazard and to ensure the viability of the seed. Conventional methods involve fumigation of seeds or chemical processes but are not effective with all seed types. Therefore, plasma technology was implemented in this research to explore low-temperature plasmas as an alternative means for seed sanitation without the need for chemicals. This project investigated the viability of plasma as a means for sanitation by incorporating three different plasma types within the study. For the treatment of Cherry Belle radish seeds, the optimal system was a radio frequency (RF) sub-atmospheric plasma chamber. Treatments of 100 W for 10 minutes or longer with the Diener system consistently reduced microbial loads by 90% or more. While 20-minute treatments caused reductions in germination rate, a treatment of 15 minutes with the Diener system at 100 W consistently resulted in germination rates above 80% after 1 month of seed storage. For the 5 and 10 minute treatments at a pressure of 187 mTorr and power of 100 W, growth was also accelerated. Additionally, plasma provided 90% reduction of Escherichia coli and Bacillus pumilis and a 99% reduction of Fusarium ozysporum on inoculated seeds. Overall, the plasma systems show promising potential but require further exploration.

Growth Enhancement of Radish Seed Induced by Low-Temperature Argon Plasma

“…On seedlings that had been infected, plasma reduced Escherichia coli and Bacillus pumilis by 90% and Fusarium ozysporum by 99%. Overall, plasma systems have great potential, but further research is needed [22]. The majority of findings on the effects of seed treatment with NTP come from laboratory or smallscale field research.…”