(Koller, 1952(Koller, , 1956 (Koller, 1952(Koller, , 1956Lisk et al., 1969). It is probable that progester¬ one must synergize with small amounts of oestrogen in order to produce maximum nest-building because mice with ovaries exhibit greater amounts of nest-building in response to progesterone administration than do mice without ovaries (Lisk et al., 1969), and large amounts of oestrogen can block progesterone-induced nest-building (Lisk, 1971). Gonadectomized males are unresponsive to progesterone and oestrogen treatment unless gonadectomy is performed at birth (Lisk et al., 1973). Gonadectomized females injected with testosterone propionate at birth fail to show nest-building in response to progesterone and oestrogen treatment. These findings, and the fact that the simultaneous administration of oestrogen and testosterone propionate to intact females does not induce nest-building, indicate that nest-building is sexually dimorphic as a result of the presence of androgen (Gandelman, 1973).While observing maternal nest-building of mice, it became apparent that large differences existed between animals with respect to nest-building per¬ ii 551