Plasma Polymerization of TEMPO Yields Coatings Containing Stable Nitroxide Radicals for Controlling Interactions with Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Michl, Thomas D.; Barz, Jakob; Giles, Carla; Haupt, Michael; Henze, Jan Hinnerk; Mayer, Joachim; Futrega, Kathryn; Doran, Michael; Oehr, Christian; Vasilev, Krasimir; Coad, Bryan R.; Griesser, Hans J.

doi:10.1021/acsanm.8b01314

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The first class ( Figure 1a) of antibacterial coatings are those that bacteria simply do not like to attach to. This type of coating is typically based on hydrophilic polymers, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), oxazolines, nitroxide radicals or chlorinated plasma polymers [14][15][16][17][18]. A specific section in this article will be attributed to oxazolines.…”

Section: Antibacterial Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoengineered Antibacterial Coatings and Materials: A Perspective

Vasilev

2019

Coatings

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This feature article begins by outlining the problem of infection and its implication on healthcare. The initial introductory section is followed by a description of the four distinct classes of antibacterial coatings and materials, i.e., bacteria repealing, contact killing, releasing and responsive, that were developed over the years by our team and others. Specific examples of each individual class of antibacterial materials and a discussion on the pros and cons of each strategy are provided. The article contains a dedicated section focused on silver nanoparticle based coatings and materials, which have attracted tremendous interest from the scientific and medical communities. The article concludes with the author’s view regarding the future of the field.

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Section: Antibacterial Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoengineered Antibacterial Coatings and Materials: A Perspective

Vasilev

2019

Coatings

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“…We have previously demonstrated that TEMPO can be plasma polymerised into TEMPOpp and these coatings’ ability to act on biological systems; such as the quorum sensing of bacteria [ 9 , 26 , 27 ]. Due to the radical nature of TEMPO, slow decay is inevitable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pirani gauge is used to measure the pressure in the chamber. This reactor has already been used to produce TEMPO coatings under different conditions [ 9 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, we have recently demonstrated a viable alternative to treat chronic wounds via thin film coatings that release the anti-oxidant & long-lived nitroxide radical (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO). These coatings were manufactured via the industrially scalable process [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ] of plasma polymerisation (TEMPOpp) and slowly dissolve in aqueous environment, whilst being non-toxic [ 9 , 26 , 27 ]. The released antioxidants then act on the bacteria’s ability to form biofilm and, hence, the ability to colonise a wound.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shelf-Life Optimisation of Plasma Polymerised (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPOpp) Coatings; A New Possible Approach to Tackle Infections in Chronic Wounds

2021

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Chronic wounds fail to heal and are accompanied by an ongoing infection. They cause suffering, shorten lifespans, and their prevalence is increasing. Unfortunately, the medical treatment of chronic wounds has remained unchanged for decades. A novel approach to break the biological vicious cycle is the long-lived radical (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO). TEMPO can be plasma polymerised (TEMPOpp) into thin coatings that have antimicrobial properties. However, due to its radical nature, quenching causes it to lose effectiveness over time. Our aim in this study was to extend the shelf-life of TEMPOpp coatings using various storage conditions: Namely, room temperature (RT), room temperature & vacuum sealed (RTV), freezer temperature & vacuum sealed (FTV). We have analysed the coatings’ quality via the surface analytical methods of X-Ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR); finding marked differences among the three storage conditions. Furthermore, we have compared the antimicrobial efficacy of the stored coatings against two major bacterial pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, commonly found in chronic wounds. We did so both qualitatively via live/dead staining, as well as quantitatively via (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium (XTT) viability assay for up to 15 weeks in 5 weeks increments. Taken all together, we demonstrate that samples stored under FTV conditions retain the highest antimicrobial activity after 15 weeks and that this finding correlates with the retained concentration of nitroxides.

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“…The application of silver in antibacterial technology is reviewed in much detail elsewhere [122]. Nitric oxide releasing as well as new TEMPO-based coatings capable of delaying biofilm growth but stimulating mammalian cells growth has also been reported [123,124,125]. The potential of oxazoline-based plasma polymer coatings that we recently developed in antibacterial technologies is discussed later in this review.…”

Section: Plasma Polymers In Biomaterials Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective on Plasma Polymers for Applied Biomaterials Nanoengineering and the Recent Rise of Oxazolines

MacGregor

Vasilev

2019

Materials

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Plasma polymers are unconventional organic thin films which only partially share the properties traditionally attributed to polymeric materials. For instance, they do not consist of repeating monomer units but rather present a highly crosslinked structure resembling the chemistry of the precursor used for deposition. Due to the complex nature of the deposition process, plasma polymers have historically been produced with little control over the chemistry of the plasma phase which is still poorly understood. Yet, plasma polymer research is thriving, in par with the commercialisation of innumerable products using this technology, in fields ranging from biomedical to green energy industries. Here, we briefly summarise the principles at the basis of plasma deposition and highlight recent progress made in understanding the unique chemistry and reactivity of these films. We then demonstrate how carefully designed plasma polymer films can serve the purpose of fundamental research and biomedical applications. We finish the review with a focus on a relatively new class of plasma polymers which are derived from oxazoline-based precursors. This type of coating has attracted significant attention recently due to its unique properties.

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Plasma Polymerization of TEMPO Yields Coatings Containing Stable Nitroxide Radicals for Controlling Interactions with Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Cited by 13 publications

References 60 publications

Nanoengineered Antibacterial Coatings and Materials: A Perspective

Nanoengineered Antibacterial Coatings and Materials: A Perspective

Shelf-Life Optimisation of Plasma Polymerised (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPOpp) Coatings; A New Possible Approach to Tackle Infections in Chronic Wounds

Perspective on Plasma Polymers for Applied Biomaterials Nanoengineering and the Recent Rise of Oxazolines

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