Plasma points and radiative collapse in vacuum sparks

Koshelev, K. N.; Pereira, N. R.

doi:10.1063/1.347551

Cited by 142 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The EUV radiation is emitted by one or more micropinches that subsequently develop in high Z plasmas according to the radiative collapse theory. 9 Finally the micropinch expands into vacuum and decays. The ob-served lifetime of a single micropinch in DPP sources equals about 10 ns.…”

Section: Experiments a Dpp Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of ion emission of an extreme ultraviolet generating discharge produced Sn plasma

Gielissen

Sidelnikov

Glushkov

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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The ion emission of a Sn-based discharge produced extreme ultraviolet producing plasma is characterized with the combined use of different time-of-flight techniques. An electrostatic ion spectrometer is employed to measure the average charge distribution of the emitted Sn ions. A dedicated Faraday cup configuration is used to measure the total ion flux from the source for different discharge energies. High-energy Sn ions emitted by the plasma with energies up to 100 keV have been identified. The number of high-energy ions increases for higher electrical input energy into the plasma while the signal associated with the expanding plasma ions does not show such dependence. The ion energy distribution for a bulk of detected ions is calculated based on the Faraday cup measurements and compared with theoretical plasma expansion dynamics.

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Section: Experiments a Dpp Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of ion emission of an extreme ultraviolet generating discharge produced Sn plasma

Gielissen

Sidelnikov

Glushkov

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…It is conceivable that the suprathermal ions emitted from the region near the cathode are produced by compressional heating of plasma material inside the pinch. In addition, because of the shrinking plasma column during the micropinch formation 9 an active resistance is introduced inside the discharge circuit on a time scale of ϳ10 ns. This results in a sudden decrease in the discharge current, and a high-inductive electric field develops to sustain the current.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current through the plasma increases rapidly ͑ϳ100 ns͒ up to a maximum of roughly 20 kA, and due to the Lorentz forces the plasma compresses in a radial direction and a multiply ionized Sn plasma is formed. Due to the radiative collapse 9 of high Z plasmas, a micropinch develops that emits the desired EUV radiation. Finally, the plasma expands into vacuum and decays.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gated pinhole camera imaging of the high-energy ions emitted by a discharge produced Sn plasma for extreme ultraviolet generation

Gielissen

Sidelnikov

Glushkov

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physics

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The origin and nature of the high-energy ions emitted by a discharge produced plasma source are studied using gated pinhole camera imaging. Time-of-flight analysis in combination with Faraday cup measurements enables characterization of the high-velocity component of the ionic debris. The use of an optional magnetic field allows mass-to-charge analysis of the first part of the Faraday cup signal. It is shown that this consists mainly of oxygen ions emitted from a region near the cathode. Time-resolved images of Sn ions with a kinetic energy of 45 keV visualize the regions in between the electrodes where the high-energy ion generation takes place.

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“…Indeed, bursts of hard X rays emitted by hydrogen-or helium-like ions of the cathode material (iron or titanium) were detected even in early experiments [4]. According to the current notion, these ions are generated in micron-size regions of a high-temperature plasma with an electron temperature of up to a few kiloelectronvolts [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Micropinches in plasma flame expanding into vacuum ambient

et al. 2006

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Results of experimental and theoretical studies of plasma parameters in a currentcarrying plasma flame expanding into the vacuum ambient are presented. It is shown that at the initial stage of the discharge burning the short-run beams of multiply charged ions of the cathode material (with mean ion charge state up +9 for Cu) were emitted from the cathode plasma flame. The X-ray pinhole measurements showed that a small-size area of hot electron with a temperature of 100 ÷ 200 eV was formed at a range of about 2 ÷ 3 mm from the cathode. A theoretical model is developed of the process of the currentcarrying cathode plasma flame expansion. A set of hydrodynamic equations was solved numerically by the particle-in-cell method. It was shown that due to the Ampere forces a neck was formed at a distance from the cathode that was developed to a micropinch, where electron temperature attained of about 100 eV and the beams of multiply charged ions of the cathode material were produced. Both the temporal and space parameters of the micropinch formation are consistent with results of the measurements. The mean ion charge state of the ions also is in agreement with the experimental data.PACS : 52.58.Lq

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Plasma points and radiative collapse in vacuum sparks

Cited by 142 publications

References 30 publications

Characterization of ion emission of an extreme ultraviolet generating discharge produced Sn plasma

Characterization of ion emission of an extreme ultraviolet generating discharge produced Sn plasma

Gated pinhole camera imaging of the high-energy ions emitted by a discharge produced Sn plasma for extreme ultraviolet generation

Micropinches in plasma flame expanding into vacuum ambient

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