Plasma palmitoleic acid content and obesity in children

Okada, Tomoo; Furuhashi, Noriko; Kuromori, Yuki; Miyashita, Michio; Iwata, Fujihiko; Harada, Kensuke

doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.4.747

Cited by 139 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…9 Insulin resistance and adiposity have been characterized by an abnormal fatty acid pattern, including a high relative percent of palmitic, palmitoleic and dihomo-g-linolenic acids and low percent of linoleic acid in adults. 3,4,14,19,25,26 A similar pattern was observed in obese children in our study and others, 16,27 although study results have been inconsistent. 18 Desaturase activity Consistent with most previous studies of adults 4,11,14,28 and children, 16,18 we found that the estimated activities of D6 and D9 DAs were positively associated with adiposity and insulin measures in our study of adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…24 To represent DA, we used previously defined ratios D9 DA: 16:1,n7/16:0; D6 DA: 18:3,n6/18:2,n6 (CE) and 20:3,n6/18:2,n6 (PL), as 18:3,n6 in PL is too low to allow an adequate determination (assuming that the elongase responsible for the elongation of 18:3,n6-20:3,n6 is not rate limiting); and D5 DA: 20:4,n6/20:3,n6. 13,15,16 Spearman partial correlation coefficients evaluated the relations of serum fatty acids and DA to cardiovascular risk factors and measures of insulin sensitivity, adjusting for age, sex, race, Tanner stage, energy intake and physical activity. Because multiple comparisons were performed, Spearman partial correlations were considered significant at Pp0.01.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High D9 and D6 DAs are associated with adiposity and the metabolic syndrome. [14][15][16][17][18] High D5 DA has been associated with normal weight and insulin sensitivity in adults. 15,19 Few studies have assessed the relations of serum lipid fatty acid composition to overweight and CVD risk factors in adolescents and none have included measures of insulin resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fatty acids and estimated desaturase activities are related to overweight and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

et al. 2008

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Aim/hypothesis: The objective of this study was to describe the relation of serum fatty acids and desaturase activity (DA) to overweight, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adolescents. Methods: The relations of % serum phospholipid (PL) and cholesteryl ester (CE) fatty acids and estimated DA with CVD risk factors were examined in 264 adolescents (average age 15 years). Fatty acids were determined by gas liquid chromotography. Surrogate measures of DA were expressed as ratios of serum fatty acids: D9 DA ¼ 16:0/16:1; D6 DA ¼ 20:3,n6/18:2,n6 (PL) or 18:3,n6/18:2,n6 (CE); and D5 DA ¼ 20:4,n6/20:3,n6. Spearman partial correlations of fatty acids (%) and DA ratios with CVD risk factors were reported, adjusting for age, sex, race, Tanner stage, energy intake and physical activity. Results: Overweight adolescents compared to normal weight had more adverse levels of CVD risk factors, composition of PL and CE fatty acids in serum, and D6 DA and D5 DA ratios. Linoleic acid was inversely related to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and triglycerides (Pp0.01). Dihomo-g-linolenic acid was positively related to BMI, waist, insulin, and triglycerides, and inversely related to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (Pp0.01). D6 DA was adversely associated with most of the risk factors (Pp0.01), whereas triglycerides and fasting insulin were beneficially related to D5 DA (Pp0.01). Conclusion: These findings support those observed in adults, that factors, such as type of dietary fat, physical activity, and obesity, may influence fatty acid metabolism and are important in the development of adverse CVD risk factors as early as adolescence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fatty acids and estimated desaturase activities are related to overweight and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

et al. 2008

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“…Long-chain unsaturated fatty acids have been associated inversely and saturated fatty acid positively with insulin resistance and obesity (Innis, 2007;Sabin et al, 2007;Aguilera et al, 2008). Plasma palmitoleic (n-7) content and stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity (ratio of palmitoleic to palmitic acid) were positively associated with abdominal obesity in children (Okada et al, 2005) and in the present series with advanced b-cell autoimmunity. Whether our finding is explained through increased weight gain in childhood and its association with the development of type I diabetes remains to be evaluated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Serum fatty acids and risk of advanced β-cell autoimmunity: a nested case–control study among children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type I diabetes

et al. 2010

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Background/Objectives: N-3 (omega-3) fatty acids have been reported to decrease the risk for development of b-cell autoimmunity and clinical type I diabetes. We set out to examine whether different serum fatty acids are associated with the development of advanced b-cell autoimmunity in children carrying human leukocyte antigen DQ b-1 (HLA-DQB1)-conferred susceptibility to type I diabetes. Subjects/Methods: Within a cohort, serum total fatty acid composition of 108 children with advanced b-cell autoimmunity and of 216 matched persistently autoantibody-negative controls was analyzed using gas chromatography. Non-fasting serum samples were obtained annually at the ages of 1-6 years. Conditional logistic regression was applied to analyze the associations between advanced b-cell autoimmunity and serum fatty acids. Results: The serum fatty acid profile of myristic acid (odds ratio (OR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-2.00, P ¼ 0.011), pentadecanoic acid (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.19-2.28, P ¼ 0.003), palmitoleic acid isomers 16:1 n-7 (omega-7) (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.03-1.92, P ¼ 0.030) and 16:1 n-9 (omega-9) (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.05-2.01, P ¼ 0.026) and conjugated linoleic acid (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.16-2.41, P ¼ 0.006) closest to the time of the appearance of multiple autoantibodies were positively associated with the risk of advanced b-cell autoimmunity after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Serum linoleic acid showed inverse, marginal association with the end point. Conclusions: Serum biomarkers of milk and ruminant meat fat consumption are directly associated and linoleic acid is inversely associated with advanced b-cell autoimmunity in children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type I diabetes.

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“…Subjects Where palmitoleic acid measured Findings [60] Healthy children (n = 112), mean aged 12 Plasma (% total FA) PM +ly associated with abdominal obesity [56] Healthy men (n = 128), aged 28-70 Plasma (% total FA) PM +ly associated with plasma TG [85] Patients with NAFLD (n = 25) and NASH (n = 50) compared with lean normal controls (n = 50)…”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Is Palmitoleic Acid a Plausible Nonpharmacological Strategy to Prevent or Control Chronic Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders?

Souza

Vannice²,

Neto

et al. 2017

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Although dietary fatty acids can modulate metabolic and immune responses, the effects of palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) remain unclear. Since this monounsaturated fatty acid is described as a lipokine, studies with cell culture and rodent models have suggested it enhances whole body insulin sensitivity, stimulates insulin secretion by β cells, increases hepatic fatty acid oxidation, improves the blood lipid profile, and alters macrophage differentiation. However, human studies report elevated blood levels of palmitoleic acid in people with obesity and metabolic syndrome. These findings might be reflection of the level or activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, which synthesizes palmitoleate and is enhanced in liver and adipose tissue of obese patients. The aim of this review is to describe the immune-metabolic effects of palmitoleic acid observed in cell culture, animal models, and humans to answer the question of whether palmitoleic acid is a plausible nonpharmacological strategy to prevent, control, or ameliorate chronic metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Despite the beneficial effects observed in cell culture and in animal studies, there are insufficient human intervention studies to fully understand the physiological effects of palmitoleic acid. Therefore, more human-based research is needed to identify whether palmitoleic acid meets the promising therapeutic potential suggested by the preclinical research.

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Plasma palmitoleic acid content and obesity in children

Cited by 139 publications

References 20 publications

Serum phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fatty acids and estimated desaturase activities are related to overweight and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

Serum phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fatty acids and estimated desaturase activities are related to overweight and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

Serum fatty acids and risk of advanced β-cell autoimmunity: a nested case–control study among children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type I diabetes

Is Palmitoleic Acid a Plausible Nonpharmacological Strategy to Prevent or Control Chronic Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders?

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