Plasma Non-targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Yili Horses Raced on Tracks With Different Surface Hardness

Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling Reveals Exercise Intensity-Dependent Alterations in Thoroughbred Racehorses’ Plasma after Routine Conditioning Sessions

“…A significant increase in vitamin B5 (pantothenate) levels after high-intensity exercise was observed, indicating mobilization of vitamin B5 stores to support energy metabolism through optimal coenzyme A availability. Following high-intensity exercise, vitamin C (ascorbate) levels were found to increase, consistent with previous studies. , Notably, Wang, and collaborators (2023) suggested that vitamin C levels could serve as an indicator of track surface hardness, as higher levels were observed after exercising on hard surfaces . Vitamin C (ascorbate) is a nonenzymatic antioxidant, protecting against oxidative stress, which also plays a role in carnitine and collagen synthesis …”

“…The limited number of carbohydrate-related metabolites identified could be attributed to the LC–MS methodology used or to the identification strategy employed (i.e., relatively low number of carbohydrates metabolites in the in-house library), which may explain why no exercise-induced modifications in carbohydrates metabolites were observed. However, Ohnuma and collaborators (2022) did not find changes in carbohydrate-related metabolism after racing, whereas Wang and collaborators (2023) observed significant increases in carbohydrates metabolites such as glucose, glucoheptuloside, tuliposide, and oxymatrine immediately after exercise at approximately 10 m/s . The difference in sampling time after exercise varies between these studies, which may also contribute to the observed variation in the carbohydrate metabolites.…”

“…29,31 Notably, Wang, and collaborators (2023) suggested that vitamin C levels could serve as an indicator of track surface hardness, as higher levels were observed after exercising on hard surfaces. 31 Vitamin C (ascorbate) is a nonenzymatic antioxidant, protecting against oxidative stress, which also plays a role in carnitine and collagen synthesis. 76 ■ CONCLUSIONS Exercises commonly used in the conditioning of TB racehorses are of varying intensities, durations, and types and have a significant impact on their metabolome.…”

“…In the alignment with the importance of lipid metabolism during exercise, Nolazco Sassot and collaborators (2019) used untargeted lipidomics to comprehensively profile the lipidome of TB racehorses before and after supramaximal treadmill exercise . It is worth noting that only a limited number of metabolomics studies have investigated the response of TB racehorses to exercise, with a predominant focus on scrutinizing the alterations induced by actual race events. − Recently, metabolomics investigations have been expanded to TB racehorses undergoing conditioning exercises, exploring changes in the plasma metabolome associated with exercise on varying surface hardness …”

“…28−30 Recently, metabolomics investigations have been expanded to TB racehorses undergoing conditioning exercises, exploring changes in the plasma metabolome associated with exercise on varying surface hardness. 31 Previous metabolomics studies have explored the impact of exercise on the plasma metabolome; however, the specific effects of different exercises commonly integrated into routine conditioning programs remain unclear. Understanding how these exercises influence metabolites is crucial to characterizing the metabolic pathways activated to sustain and facilitate recovery from the various exercises used by trainers.…”