Plasma Monitoring of the Myocardial Specific Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4 After Alcohol Septal Ablation in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Endogenous Inhibitors Within Ascending Aortic Aneurysms of Patients With Marfan Syndrome

“…16 In the present study, a complete survey of all 4 TIMPs was undertaken including TIMP-1, which is highly expressed in the aorta, 10 and TIMP-4, which is cardiovascular system-specific. 30 Specific differences were observed in the TIMPs in both the non-MFS and MFS aortic samples. Most striking in the non-MFS group, a decrease was observed in TIMPs 1 to 3 compared with control values.…”

Myocardial Matrix Remodeling and the Matrix Metalloproteinases: Influence on Cardiac Form and Function

“…As with other TIMPs, TIMP-4 is a low-molecular-weight protein of 23 kDa and binds to active MMPs in the expected MMP-TIMP kinetics (27,243). However, the amino acid sequence is significantly different from other TIMPs, and therefore, selective antisera to TIMP-4 have been developed (243,422). As will be discussed in a subsequent section, changes in TIMP-4 levels may hold significance with respect to myocardial matrix remodeling from both a diagnostic and prognostic perspective.…”

“…[Data from Sundstrom et al (428). ] ing that changes in plasma MMP/TIMP levels can be reflective of a myocardial source has been established from several studies (139,174,215,422). Lalu et al (215) measured both right atrial and plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.…”

“…Inokubo et al (174) reported that the changes in plasma MMP profiles that occurred in patients with acute coronary syndromes were directly reflective of myocardial production based on aorto-coronary sinus gradients. In past work from this laboratory, targeted myocardial infarction was induced in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, and changes in plasma MMP/TIMP profiles were determined (38,422). These patients were free from a number of other confounding medical conditions, and since the precise time point in which the myocardial injury was known, it provided a unique opportunity for temporal profiling plasma MMP/TIMP levels.…”

“…These past studies demonstrated that changes in plasma MMP/TIMP levels can be reflective of specific events occurring within the myocardium. Finally, for plasma profiling, more specific biomarkers of cardiovascular remodeling will further improve specificity of this approach, such as measuring TIMP-4 (3,422,485). Thus coupling temporal profiling of a specific cassette of MMP/TIMPs that are unique to a specific myocardial remodeling process (i.e., ischemic vs. hypertrophic) to those with a high cardiovascular prevalence will be likely areas for future clinical research.…”