Plasma microRNAs biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Objectives To assess the potential value of some miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among patients with type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to identify other risk factors for MCI among them. Methods This study enrolled 163 adults with T2DM using face to face interview. Cognitive function with its domains was assessed using Adenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE III). Lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin, and miR-128, miR-132, miR- 874, miR-134, miR-323, and miR-382 expressions, using quantitative real-time PCR, were assessed. Results MCI was detected among 59/163 (36.2%) patients with T2DM. Plasma expression of miR-132 was significantly higher in T2DM patients with MCI compared to those without MCI and to normal cognitive healthy individuals (median = 2, 1.1 and 1.2 respectively, P < 0.05. Logistic regression analysis showed that higher miR-132 expression with adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.2 (95% CI 1.0–1.3), female gender (AOR:2.1; 95%CI 1.0–4.3), education below postgraduate (secondary and university education with AOR: 9.5 & 19.4 respectively) were the significant predicting factors for MCI among T2DM patients. Using ROC curve, miR-132 was the only assayed miRNA that significantly differentiates T2DM patients with MCI from those with normal cognition with 72.3% sensitivity, 56.2% specificity, and 63.8% accuracy (P < 0.05). Other studied miRNAs showed lower sensitivity and specificity for detecting MCI among studied T2DM participants. Conclusion MCI affects nearly one-third of adult patients with T2DM. A significantly over expression of miR-132 was detected among T2DM with MCI compared to those with normal cognition.

Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Mechanistic Biomarkers of Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Cognitive Decline

“…Serum levels of miR-132 were upregulated in MCI patients, correlated significantly with the cognitive assessment score [ 209 ], and correctly separated MCI patients from age-matched healthy controls [ 210 ]. A recent study involving 163 participants reported that the plasma levels of miR-132 were significantly higher in T2DM patients with MCI compared to normally cognitive subjects [ 20 ].…”

“…Besides the early changes in cerebral metabolism and brain structures that can be detected using brain imaging technology platforms [ 4 ], the most promising molecules identified so far are related to glucose metabolism, inflammation, neurodegeneration, vascular damage, and oxidative stress. Some of these molecules include C reactive protein (CRP) [ 12 ], interleukin-6 (IL-6) [ 13 ], leptin and interleukin-1 (IL-1 β) [ 14 ], homeostasis model assessment of the insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score along with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) [ 15 ], advanced glycation end products (AGEs) [ 16 ], tau protein [ 17 ], glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) [ 18 ], brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) [ 19 ] and microRNAs [ 20 ]. In the following sections, we aim to evaluate the contributory risk factors and the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of cognitive disorders in diabetes, and to discuss the potential biomarkers related to the cognitive decline in T2DM patients.…”

Impact of direct-acting antiviral regimens on hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection

“…On the other hand, cognitive domains related to posterior brain regions, primarily involved in visuospatial, visual perceptual abilities, and constructive practice regions are mainly altered in patients with MHE[ 172 ]. Moreover, T2DM as an EHM in HCV infected patients may be associated with cognitive impairments[ 177 ]. Conversely, some studies did not confirm the association between chronic HCV infection and neurologic disorders[ 178 ].…”

The relationship of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio with cognitive decline in T2DM

“…With the accelerated pace of global population aging, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common diseases among the elderly, has attracted more and more attention. Many studies have demonstrated that the negative effects of T2DM on cognitive function have significant clinical significance [ 1 , 2 ]. In the course of diabetes, patients are more likely to progress to cognitive impairment and dementia, both can seriously affect the patients’ self-management, further exacerbating the disease and leading to more complications [ 1 , 3 ].…”

“…Many studies have demonstrated that the negative effects of T2DM on cognitive function have significant clinical significance [ 1 , 2 ]. In the course of diabetes, patients are more likely to progress to cognitive impairment and dementia, both can seriously affect the patients’ self-management, further exacerbating the disease and leading to more complications [ 1 , 3 ]. Therefore, studies on risk factors for cognitive decline in T2DM patients have been carried out extensively.…”