Plasma microbiome in COVID-19 subjects: an indicator of gut barrier defects and dysbiosis

Prasad, Ram; Mj, Patton; Floyd, Jason L.; Cp, Vieira; Fortmann, Seth D.; Dupont, Mariana; Harbour, Angela; Cs, Jeremy; Wright, Justin; Lamendella, Regina; Stevens, Bruce R.; Mb, Grant

doi:10.1101/2021.04.06.438634

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Components of abnormal microbiota in blood were found in almost 65% of patients. The predominance of Gram-negative microorganisms was noted in the study, which also accounted for the increased serum LPS levels found, in comparison with a control group of healthy individuals [ 103 ].…”

Section: Intestinal Infections and Antibiotic Therapymentioning

confidence: 94%

The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity

Serek

Oleksy-Wawrzyniak

2021

IJMS

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The intestinal barrier plays an extremely important role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of the gut and the entire body. It is made up of an intricate system of cells, mucus and intestinal microbiota. A complex system of proteins allows the selective permeability of elements that are safe and necessary for the proper nutrition of the body. Disturbances in the tightness of this barrier result in the penetration of toxins and other harmful antigens into the system. Such events lead to various digestive tract dysfunctions, systemic infections, food intolerances and autoimmune diseases. Pathogenic and probiotic bacteria, and the compounds they secrete, undoubtedly affect the properties of the intestinal barrier. The discovery of zonulin, a protein with tight junction regulatory activity in the epithelia, sheds new light on the understanding of the role of the gut barrier in promoting health, as well as the formation of diseases. Coincidentally, there is an increasing number of reports on treatment methods that target gut microbiota, which suggests that the prevention of gut-barrier defects may be a viable approach for improving the condition of COVID-19 patients. Various bacteria–intestinal barrier interactions are the subject of this review, aiming to show the current state of knowledge on this topic and its potential therapeutic applications.

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Section: Intestinal Infections and Antibiotic Therapymentioning

confidence: 94%

The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity

Serek

Oleksy-Wawrzyniak

2021

IJMS

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“…A recent study by Prasad et al. measured several markers of gut permeability in the plasma ( 60 ). Levels of FABP2, PGN, and LPS were significantly higher among COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects, suggesting translocation of pro-inflammatory antigens from a leaky gut.…”

Section: Role Of Gut Microbiota In the Pathogenesis Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Gut Microbiome in COVID-19: An Insight Into Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Potential

et al. 2021

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulted in an unprecedented global crisis. Although primarily a respiratory illness, dysregulated immune responses may lead to multi-organ dysfunction. Prior data showed that the resident microbial communities of gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts act as modulators of local and systemic inflammatory activity (the gut–lung axis). Evolving evidence now signals an alteration in the gut microbiome, brought upon either by cytokines from the infected respiratory tract or from direct infection of the gut, or both. Dysbiosis leads to a “leaky gut”. The intestinal permeability then allows access to bacterial products and toxins into the circulatory system and further exacerbates the systemic inflammatory response. In this review, we discuss the available data related to the role of the gut microbiome in the development and progression of COVID-19. We provide mechanistic insights into early data with a focus on immunological crosstalk and the microbiome’s potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target.

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“…Consequently, a number of studies using DNA (16S rRNA) sequencing have investigated the origin of the "blood microbiome", indicating that the blood microbiome of healthy individuals comprises of DNA originating from mainly Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes [23], although the source of this circulating DNA is often not described. BEV-associated DNA has been identified in patients with Alzheimer's disease [24], Parkinson's disease [25], dermatitis [26], asthma [27], cardiovascular disease [28], gastric cancer [29], biliary tract cancer [30], and COVID-19 [31]. However, few have investigated the origin of blood-derived BEVs in IBD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origin of Plasma-Derived Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pilot Study

Jones

Stentz

Telatin

et al. 2021

Genes

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The gastrointestinal tract harbors the gut microbiota, structural alterations of which (dysbiosis) are linked with an increase in gut permeability (“leaky gut”), enabling luminal antigens and bacterial products such as nanosized bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) to access the circulatory system. Blood-derived BEVs contain various cargoes and may be useful biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of disease status and relapse in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To progress this concept, we developed a rapid, cost-effective protocol to isolate BEV-associated DNA and used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify bacterial origins of the blood microbiome of healthy individuals and patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing successfully identified the origin of plasma-derived BEV DNA. The analysis showed that the blood microbiota richness, diversity, or composition in IBD, healthy control, and protocol control groups were not significantly distinct, highlighting the issue of ‘kit-ome’ contamination in low-biomass studies. Our pilot study provides the basis for undertaking larger studies to determine the potential use of blood microbiota profiling as a diagnostic aid in IBD.

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Plasma microbiome in COVID-19 subjects: an indicator of gut barrier defects and dysbiosis

Cited by 25 publications

References 79 publications

The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity

The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity

Role of Gut Microbiome in COVID-19: An Insight Into Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Potential

The Origin of Plasma-Derived Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pilot Study

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