Plasma metabolome alteration in dairy cows with left displaced abomasum before and after surgical correction

Abstract

Left displaced abomasum (LDA) leads to substantial changes in the metabolism of dairy cows. Surgical correction of LDA can rapidly improve the health of cows; however, changes in metabolism following surgery are rarely described. To investigate the changes of plasma metabolome in cows with LDA before and after surgical correction, blood samples were collected from 10 healthy postpartum cows and 10 cows with LDA on the day of diagnosis, then again from the LDA cows 14 d after surgery. Serum nonesterified fatty acid, β-hydroxybutyric acid, cortisol and histamine concentration, and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) activities were evaluated, and the metabolic profile in plasma was analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography timeof-flight mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that cows with LDA experienced severe negative energy balance and oxidative stress, which can be improved by surgical correction. The metabolic profile was analyzed using multidimensional and univariate statistical analyses, and different metabolites were identified. In total, 102 metabolites differed between cows with LDA and healthy cows. After surgical correction, 65 metabolites changed in cows with LDA, compared with these cows during the LDA event. Following surgical correction, AA levels tended to increase, and lipid levels tended to decrease in cows with LDA. Pathway analysis indicated marked changes in linoleic acid metabolism, Arg biosynthesis, and Gly, Ser, and Thr metabolism in cows at the onset of LDA and following surgical correction. Surgical treatment reversed the changes in AA and lipid metabolism in cows with LDA.

Altered Fecal Microbiome and Correlations of the Metabolome with Plasma Metabolites in Dairy Cows with Left Displaced Abomasum

“…3A ). In our previous study, we identified 102 metabolites in the plasma which differed between LDA and healthy dairy cows ( 8 ). Therefore, we integrated the plasma metabolome with the fecal metabolome ( Fig.…”

“… a LDA, left displaced abomasum; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acid; BHBA, β-hydroxybutyric acid; RQUICKI, revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; TG, triglyceride; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; CHOL, cholesterol; TP, total protein; ALB, albumin; GLOB, globulin; total bilirubin, TBIL. b Production data were obtained from our previous report ( 8 ), including parity, days in milk, and milk yield. c P < 0.01 compared to healthy cows using two-tailed Student’s t test.…”

“… c P < 0.01 compared to healthy cows using two-tailed Student’s t test. d Data of NEFA and BHBA as metabolic markers were obtained from our previous study ( 8 ). Serum biochemistry was determined using automatic biochemical analyzer (Catalyst One, IDEXX, Westbrook, USA), including glucose, TG, ALT, CHOL, TP, ALB, GLOB, and TBIL.…”

“…Left displaced abomasum (LDA) is more common than right displaced abomasum ( 5 ) and contributes to the highest economic loss among all metabolic diseases, accounting for total costs of $432.48 per primiparous cow or $639.51 per multiparous cow ( 6 ). LDA is commonly characterized by high circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentrations, accompanied by low insulin sensitivity ( 7 – 9 ). Accumulating evidence also points to an association between LDA and concurrent ketosis.…”

Beta-Glucan Alters Gut Microbiota and Plasma Metabolites in Pre-Weaning Dairy Calves

“…Plasma samples were analyzed using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography system (1290 Infinity II, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF 6600, AB SCIEX, Framingham, MA, USA). The analysis conditions and equipment parameters were described in our previous study [ 21 ]. Metabolic-profiling data processing was performed to obtain the retention time and peak area using XCMS software [ 22 ].…”