Plasma membrane ultrastructure in embryogenic cultures of orchardgrass during NaCl stress

Gupta, S. Dutta

doi:10.1007/s10535-007-0155-0

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…Similarly, Bennici and Tani (2012) indicated in electron microscopy that in callus of Nicotiana tabacum grown in the medium containing 200 mM or even 300 mM NaCl, cells with normal structure were present contiguous to dead or strongly injured cells with evident disorganization of protoplast. Also in an embryogenic culture of orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata subjected to 200 mM NaCl the intensity of damage varied from cell to cell (Gupta, 2007). Similar situation was also found in mesophyll after water-deficit stress in a crop plants -Eragrostis tef (Ginbot and Farrant, 2011).…”

Section: Changes Of Leaf Mesophyll Cellssupporting

confidence: 62%

Salt-mediated changes in leaf mesophyll cells of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. plants

Gapińska¹,

Glińska²

2014

JCEA

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Five-week-old tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) cv. Perkoz grown in pots containing garden soil in a growth chamber were submitted to 50 or 150 mM NaCl for 1 h, 2 and 5 days. Tomato leaf anatomy generally did not change after short time salinity, except 5-day-treatment with 150 mM NaCl, where changed cell shape (shrunk and deformed) simultaneously with increased volume of intercellular spaces (IS) were observed. Although leaf hydration (H) depleted only 1 h after 150 mM NaCl treatment both salt concentrations generated two coexisting populations of saltaffected mesophyll cells: (i) slightly-affected (Sl-A) which showed incipient plasmolysis or slightly changed shapes, and (ii) severely-affected (Sv-A) which showed severe plasmolysis; serious deformation of cell shape or disorganization including cell degeneration. In Sl-A cells salinity changed location and shape of chloroplasts which were: more rounded, with oversized starch grains (SG) (2d) or more flat (5d). Salt-mediated changes were becoming more distinguished and pronounced with length of 150 mM NaCl treatment. The amount of salt-affected cells was changing during the experiment and depended on the salt concentration. In 50 mM-treated plants salt-affected cells appeared 1 h after treatment (~40%) and raised up to 78% on 2 nd day, however the population of Sl-A cells dominated. In 150 mM NaCl-treated plants the percentage of affected cells raised during the experiment from 75% to 99%. Firstly Sl-A cells dominated, but on the 5 th day the majority was Sv-A. Salt-affected cells were distributed quite evenly in palisade or spongy mesophyll, except 2 d after treatment with 50 mM NaCl, when their number was higher in the palisade mesophyll. Sv-A cells in the spongy mesophyll were located mostly near the bundle while in the palisade mesophyll more irregularly. Different susceptibility of cells to salt stress might be the consequence of an unequal distribution of osmotic stress and subsequent ionic stress or physiological state of cells.Keywords: leaf hydration, mesophyll cells, osmotic stress, plasmolysis, salt stress, tomato 219Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2014, 15(3), p.219-235 DOI: 10.5513/JCEA01/15.3.1478Streszczenie 5-tygodniowe rośliny pomidora (Lycopersicon esculentum) odm. Perkoz, które rosły w doniczkach z ziemią ogrodniczą w komorze hodowlanej zostały poddane działaniu NaCl o stężeniu 50 mM lub 150 mM przez okres 1 godz., 2 i 5 dni. Krótkotrwałe zasolenie nie wywołało zmian anatomicznych w liściach pomidora, za wyjątkiem zmian kształtu komórek (obkurczenie i deformacje) i towarzyszącemu im zwiększeniu powierzchni przestrzeni międzykomórkowych, co obserwowano po 5 dniach od traktowania roślin NaCl w stężeniu 150 mM. Pomimo, iż istotny spadek uwodnienia liści odnotowano jedynie po godzinie od podania 150 mM NaCl, oba zastosowane stężenia generowały powstawanie w mezofilu dwóch grup komórek: (i) lekko zmienionych (LZ) -w początkowych stadiach plazmolizy lub o delikatnie zmienionych kształtach oraz (ii) mocno zmienionych (MZ) -z za...

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Section: Changes Of Leaf Mesophyll Cellssupporting

confidence: 62%

Salt-mediated changes in leaf mesophyll cells of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. plants

Gapińska¹,

Glińska²

2014

JCEA

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Ultrastructural evidence for AMF mediated salt stress mitigation in Trigonella foenum-graecum

2012

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The study unveils that inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith) prevents salt-induced ultrastructural alterations in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) plants. Mycorrhizal (M) and non-mycorrhizal (NM) fenugreek plants were subjected to four levels of NaCl (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl). Salt-induced ultrastructural changes were captured using a Transmission Electron Microscope. Effects of salt on the ultrastructure of cells include shrinkage of protoplasm, widening apoplastic space between cell wall and cell membrane, disorganization of grana in chloroplast--swelling and reduction in the number of thylakoids, disintegration of chloroplast membrane, accumulation of plastoglobules, dilation of cristae and denser matrix in mitochondria, and aggregation of chromatin in nucleus. However, the extent of salt-induced ultrastructural damage was less in M plants as compared to NM plants. Lower lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage in M plants also indicated less membrane damage. This reduction of ultrastructure damage is a demonstration of enhanced tolerance in M plants to salt stress. The AMF-mediated lesser damage may be due to higher osmolyte (glycinebetaine, sugars) and polyamines concentration, and more and bigger plastoglobules (higher α-tocopherol concentration) in M plants as compared to NM plants. While lower Na(+) and Cl(-) ions assures less ionic toxicity, higher osmolytes and tocopherols ensure osmotic adjustment and better capacity to scavenge free radicals generated due to salt stress, respectively.

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Aerenchyma formation in maize roots

2009

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Maize (Zea mays L.) is generally considered to be a plant with aerenchyma formation inducible by environmental conditions. In our study, young maize plants, cultivated in various ways in order to minimise the stressing effect of hypoxia, flooding, mechanical impedance or nutrient starvation, were examined for the presence of aerenchyma in their primary roots. The area of aerenchyma in the root cortex was correlated with the root length. Although 12 different maize accessions were used, no plants without aerenchyma were acquired until an ethylene synthesis inhibitor was employed. Using an ACC-synthase inhibitor, it was confirmed that the aerenchyma formation is ethylene-regulated and dependent on irradiance. The presence of TUNEL-positive nuclei and ultrastructural changes in cortical cells suggest a connection between ethylene-dependent aerenchyma formation and programmed cell death. Position of cells with TUNEL-positive nuclei in relation to aerenchyma-channels was described.

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Plasma membrane ultrastructure in embryogenic cultures of orchardgrass during NaCl stress

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Salt-mediated changes in leaf mesophyll cells of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. plants

Salt-mediated changes in leaf mesophyll cells of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. plants

Ultrastructural evidence for AMF mediated salt stress mitigation in Trigonella foenum-graecum

Aerenchyma formation in maize roots

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