Plasma mass-charge composition of a vacuum arc with deuterium saturated zirconium cathode

Yushkov, G. Yu.; Nikolaev, A. G.; Frolova, V. P.; Окс, Е. М.; Rumyantsev, G. S.; Barengolts, S. A.

doi:10.1134/s1063785014120153

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In this work, we analyze the processes responsible for the ionic composition of the plasma of a vacuum arc ion source with a deuterated ZrD 0.67 cathode based on the cellular model of the cathode spot and on the finiteness of the lifetime of an individual cell. The choice of this material was dictated by the fact that the vacuum-arc properties of ZrD 0.67 cathodes had been rather well studied [41][42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Choice Of the Model Of Cathode Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, the simulation was carried out for a β-ZrD 0,67 cathode. This type of cathode was used in experimental studies [41,[43][44][45]. For the quantities c , p l, r, σ, and ν, their values characteristic of pure zirconium were used with regard for their temperature dependence [51].…”

Section: Two-dimensional Model Of the Convective Desorption Of Deuter...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cathode and plasma phenomena in vacuum-arc sources of hydrogen isotope ions: I. Desorption of hydrogen isotopes during the operation of vacuum arc cathode spots

Uimanov

Shmelev

Окс

et al. 2020

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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A model is proposed to describe the desorption of deuterium from a deuterated cathode during the operation of the vacuum arc cathode spot. The model treats a cathode spot as consisting of individual cells and involves a numerical simulation of the temperature fields that arise during the hydrodynamic processes responsible for the formation of microcraters on the cathode surface. Using a deuterated ZrD 0.67 cathode as an example, it is shown that the amount of deuterium desorbed immediately from the crater formed during the operation of the cathode spot cells is several times smaller than the total amount of desorbed deuterium. The main portion of deuterium is desorbed from the hot cathode region adjacent to the crater and from the crater at the stage of its cooling. For a deuterated ZrD 0.67 cathode, the percentage of desorbed deuterium can reach 80% of the total number of evaporated atoms, and it can be even greater if the cathode spot cells operate in the immediate vicinity of each other.

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Section: Choice Of the Model Of Cathode Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Two-dimensional Model Of the Convective Desorption Of Deuter...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathode and plasma phenomena in vacuum-arc sources of hydrogen isotope ions: I. Desorption of hydrogen isotopes during the operation of vacuum arc cathode spots

Uimanov

Shmelev

Окс

et al. 2020

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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“…The energy flux density on the cathode surface is given in the form of boundary condition in equation (9). All components of current density and energy current density are described in (13). The calculation of Q total and j total is explained in detail in reference [18].…”

Section: Simulation Of Cathode Spot Crater Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S A Barengolts et al [12] also proposed some models that consider the formation of plasma clouds. In reference [13] G Y Yushkov et al carried out the experimental study of the deuterium zirconium electrode vacuum arc, and proved that the deuterium ion source with the hydrogen storage electrode as the main body can effectively generate deuterium ions. Liu et al [14] studied the ionization rate of deuterium released from hydrogen storage electrodes under vacuum arc discharge through experiments and simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of cathode-spot crater formation and deuterium desorption process on hydrogen titanium cathode with flux boundary conditions and different impregnation degree

Wang¹,

Gao²,

Li³

et al. 2023

Phys. Scr.

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In this paper, the crater formation process of single cathode spot on hydrogen titanium electrode is modeled. In this model, combined with the deuterium diffusion equation, the flux boundary condition was considered to calculate the cathode spot desorption rate with different impregnation degree, and the deformation process of the cathode spot crater was simulated by a hydrodynamic model. The simulation results show that the current, size, and depth of a single cathode spot crater tend to decrease with increasing impregnation degree, which is consistent with many related experimental results. The simulation result shows that the desorption of deuterium in a single cathode spot crater mainly occurs in the ignition stage, and the positions of desorption are successively distributed in the liquid metal flow area on the side wall of the crater and the high temperature area in the center of the crater. The desorption rate of deuterium drops rapidly after cathode spot quenching. At the same time, the increase of arc current and impregnation degree can improve the deuterium desorption rate of a single cathode spot.

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“…Vacuum arc discharge using a metal deuteride cathode has been widely applied as the deuterium ion source in neutron generators [1][2][3], which can be used in ion accelerators or well logging [3]. In applications, neutrons are commonly generated by the bombardment of high energy deuterium ions (D + ) on deuteride materials via D-D reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the ionization rate of the released deuterium in vacuum arc discharges with metal deuteride cathodes

Liu

Long

Liang

et al. 2018

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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The ionization rate of the released deuterium from a metal deuteride cathode in vacuum arc discharges is investigated by both experiments and modeling analysis. Experimental results show that the deuterium ionization rate increases from 2% to 30% with the increasing arc current in the range of 2-100 A. Thus the full ionization assumption, as is widely used in arc plasma simulations, is not satisfied for the released deuterium at low discharge current. According to the modeling results, the neutral-to-ion conversion efficiency for the deuterium traveling across the cathodic spot region can be significantly less than one, due to the fast plasma expansion and rarefaction in the vacuum. In addition, the model also reveals that, unlike the metal atoms which are mainly ionized in the sheath region and flow back to the cathode, the deuterium ionization primarily occurs in the quasi-neutral region and moves towards the anode. Consequently, the cathodic sheath layer acts like a filter that increases the deuterium fraction beyond the sheath region.

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Plasma mass-charge composition of a vacuum arc with deuterium saturated zirconium cathode

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Cathode and plasma phenomena in vacuum-arc sources of hydrogen isotope ions: I. Desorption of hydrogen isotopes during the operation of vacuum arc cathode spots

Cathode and plasma phenomena in vacuum-arc sources of hydrogen isotope ions: I. Desorption of hydrogen isotopes during the operation of vacuum arc cathode spots

Numerical simulation of cathode-spot crater formation and deuterium desorption process on hydrogen titanium cathode with flux boundary conditions and different impregnation degree

Study of the ionization rate of the released deuterium in vacuum arc discharges with metal deuteride cathodes

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