Plasma lipoproteins in fish.

Babin, Pierre; Vernier, Jean‐Marie

doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38342-5

Cited by 312 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…First, it is possible that in humans the carotenes do not transfer between lipoproteins. However, the demonstrated exchange of -carotene between trout lipoproteins, which have a close lipid composition to that of human [38,39], suggests that this is probably not the case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Indeed, it is highly probable that such an incorporation would not lead to a natural distribution of carotenoids between the core and the surface of lipoproteins [37]. Finally, despite the large evolutionary distance between trout and human, major elements of the structure of their plasma lipoproteins are shared [38,39] and trout, as human, displayed substantial CETP and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) activities [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carotenoids, Mostly the Xanthophylls, Exchange Between Plasma Lipoproteins

Tyssandier

Choubert

Grolier

et al. 2002

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research

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Carotenoids are exclusively transported by lipoproteins; in vitro studies suggest that they might protect these particles against oxidation. Little is known about the factors that govern the distribution of these micronutrients among lipoproteins. The objective of this study was to assess whether carotenoids are exchanged between lipoproteins and what factors, if any, were involved. In the first experiment, different groups of trout were fed for five days with either a carotenoid-free diet or with diets containing 80 mg pure carotenoid per kilogram of feed. Lipoproteins were separated by ultracentrifugation and carotenoid-rich, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were incubated for two hours at 37 degrees C with carotenoid-free, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and vice versa. After incubation, lipoproteins were re-separated and carotenoids were quantified to measure the transfer. The same experiments were done in the presence of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) inhibitors. In a second experiment, the exchange was measured between human VLDL and HDL. In trout, incubation of carotenoid-rich HDL with carotenoid-free VLDL resulted in the appearance of carotenoids in VLDL, and inversely. The higher the hydrophobicity of a carotenoid, the lower its proportion in HDL after incubation. CETP and LCAT inhibitors significantly increased the proportion of carotenoids in HDL after incubation. Results obtained with human lipoproteins showed that the xanthophyll lutein transferred between lipoproteins, but could not show any carotenes (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and lycopene) transfer. We conclude that carotenoids, chiefly the xanthophylls, exchange between lipoproteins. The transfer depends on plasma factor(s) sensitive to CETP and/or LCAT inhibitors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoids, Mostly the Xanthophylls, Exchange Between Plasma Lipoproteins

Tyssandier

Choubert

Grolier

et al. 2002

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research

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show abstract

“…Nevertheless, and apart from a relatively low presence of immunoglobulins (less than 10% of total protein in healthy fish), the vast majority of blood protein fractions are produced by the liver [1,3,[20][21][22]. Moreover, blood proteins are transporters of cholesterol and lipids in general in the form of liver-synthesized lipoproteins [1,[23][24][25][26][27]. Fish lack subcutaneous fat as significant lipid storage, with the liver and/or muscle being deputed to the latter task, according to the species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploratory Factor Analysis of Rainbow Trout Serum Chemistry Variables

Manera

2021

IJERPH

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Clinical chemistry offers a valuable, affordable, moderately invasive, and nondisruptive way to assess animal physiological status and wellness within defined ranges and is widely used as a diagnostic clinical tool. Because of physiological differences between mammals, clinical correlates of blood chemistry variables are not known in detail in fish, in which tissue/organ function tests are inferred from mammal-derived clinical chemistry data. The aim of the present study was to apply exploratory factor analysis on a serum chemistry dataset from clinically healthy, reared rainbow trout Oncorhynchusmykiss (Walbaum, 1792) to select the most correlated variables and to test for possible underlying factors explaining the observed correlations as possible physiological status estimates in trout. The obtained factors were tested for correlation with hepatosomatic and splenosomatic indexes. Thirteen highly correlated variables were selected out of 18 original serum chemistry variables, and three underlying factors (Factors 1, 2, and 3) were identified that explained the observed correlations among variables. Moreover, Factor 1 correlated negatively with the hepatosomatic index and Factors 2 and 3 negatively with the splenosomatic index. The obtained factors were tentatively associated with: protein (liver) metabolism (Factor 1), cell turnover (Factor 2), and lipid (muscle) metabolism (Factor 3).

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“…Another index supporting the important contribution of lipid metabolism to total energy expenditure in rainbow trout is the resting rate of triglyceride (TG) turnover, which is sufficiently high to fuel red muscle during endurance exercise (53). Rainbow trout store excess energy in the form of TGs, which, once synthesized in the liver, are stored in white adipose tissue (WAT) (2,81). Conversely, in times of energy demand, FFAs are mobilized from WAT and are shuttled by lipoproteins to fuel metabolically active target tissues (2,81).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social status affects lipid metabolism in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

Kostyniuk

Culbert

Mennigen

et al. 2018

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Juvenile rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) confined in pairs form social hierarchies in which socially subordinate fish display characteristic traits, including reduced growth rates and altered glucose metabolism. These effects are, in part, mediated by chronically elevated cortisol levels and/or reduced feeding. To determine the effects of social status on lipid metabolism, trout were held in pairs for 4 days, following which organismal and liver-specific indexes of lipid metabolism were measured. At the organismal level, circulating triglycerides were elevated in dominant trout, whereas subordinate trout exhibited elevated concentrations of circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) and lowered plasma total cholesterol levels. At the molecular level, increased expression of lipogenic genes in dominant trout and cpt1a in subordinate trout was identified, suggesting a contribution of increased de novo lipogenesis to circulating triglycerides in dominant trout and reliance on circulating FFAs for β-oxidation in the liver of subordinates. Given the emerging importance of microRNAs (miRNA) in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism, candidate miRNAs were profiled, revealing increased expression of the lipogenic miRNA-33 in dominant fish. Because the Akt-TOR-S6-signaling pathway is an important upstream regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism, its signaling activity was quantified. However, the only difference detected among groups was a strong increase in S6 phosphorylation in subordinate trout. In general, the changes observed in lipid metabolism of subordinates were not mimicked by either cortisol treatment or fasting alone, indicating the existence of specific, emergent effects of subordinate social status itself on this fuel.

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Plasma lipoproteins in fish.

Cited by 312 publications

References 171 publications

Carotenoids, Mostly the Xanthophylls, Exchange Between Plasma Lipoproteins

Carotenoids, Mostly the Xanthophylls, Exchange Between Plasma Lipoproteins

Exploratory Factor Analysis of Rainbow Trout Serum Chemistry Variables

Social status affects lipid metabolism in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

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